Pursuant to el Lexhatx A.1, these are selected sections of the civil and criminal codes of the state of Wisconsin in the United States of America. They are certified by the Scribery to be identical to those versions incorporated into Talossan law on 1 Jun 2014/XXXV. There are many other versions of these codes available in print and online, but they are not certified to be those incorporated into Talossan law. The Scribery takes no responsibility for reliance on other sources.

Chapters 240-243 Fraudulent Conveyances and Contracts

240.01 Conveyances, when void. Every conveyance of any estate or interest in land, or the rents and profits of lands and every charge upon lands or upon the rents and profits thereof, made or created with the intent to defraud prior or subsequent purchasers for a valuable consideration of the same lands, rents or profits, as against such purchasers, shall be void.

240.02 Conveyances not fraudulent, when. No such conveyance or charge shall be deemed fraudulent in favor of a subsequent purchaser who shall have actual or legal notice thereof at the time of his or her purchase, unless it shall appear that the grantee in such conveyance or person to be benefited by such charge was privy to the fraud intended.

240.03 Conveyances with power of revocation, void. Every conveyance or charge of or upon any estate or interest in lands containing any provision for the revocation, determination or alteration of such estate or interest or any part thereof, at the will of the grantor, shall be void as against subsequent purchasers from such grantor for a valuable consideration of any estate or interest so liable to be revoked or determined, although the same be not expressly revoked, determined or altered by such grantor by virtue of the power reserved or expressed in such prior conveyance or charge.

240.04 Such conveyances valid, when. Where a power to revoke a conveyance of any lands or the rents and profits thereof and to reconvey the same shall be given to any person other than the grantor in such conveyance, and such person shall thereafter convey the same lands, rents or profits to a purchaser for a valuable consideration, such subsequent conveyance shall be valid in the same manner and to the same extent as if the power of revocation were recited therein and the intent to revoke the former conveyance expressly declared.

240.05 Same subject. If a conveyance to a purchaser, under either s. 240.03 or 240.04, shall be made before the person making the same shall be entitled to execute a power of revocation it shall nevertheless be valid from the time the power of revocation shall actually vest in such person in the same manner and to the same extent as if then made.

240.10 Real estate agency contracts. (1) Every contract to pay a commission to a real estate agent or broker or to any other person for selling or buying real estate shall be void unless such contract or note or memorandum thereof describes that real estate; expresses the price for which the same may be sold or purchased, the commission to be paid and the period during which the agent or broker shall procure a buyer or seller; is in writing; and is subscribed by the person agreeing to pay such commission, except that a contract to pay a commission to a person for locating a type of property need not describe the property. (2) Every contract to pay a commission to any real estate agent or broker or to any person for leasing real estate for a term exceeding 3 years shall be void unless such contract, note or memorandum thereof describes that real estate; expresses the rent to be paid or a method to determine the same, the length of the lease, the commission to be paid, and the period during which said person shall procure a tenant; is in writing; and is subscribed by the person agreeing to pay such commission, except that a contract to pay a commission to a person for locating a type of property need not describe the property.

241.02 Agreements, what must be written. (1) In the following case every agreement shall be void unless such agreement or some note or memorandum thereof, expressing the consideration, be in writing and subscribed by the party charged therewith: (a) Every agreement that by its terms is not to be performed within one year from the making thereof. (b) Every special promise to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of another person. (c) Every agreement, promise or undertaking made upon consideration of marriage, except mutual promises to marry. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a marital property agreement complying with ch. 766.

241.025 Contracts for employment. Any person who shall represent, as an inducement to the sale of any course of study, that that person or the school offering such course will, upon the purchaser's completion of such course, place such purchaser in employment unless there is a written contract between such school and an employer whereby the latter is bound to furnish such employment as represented, is guilty of a misdemeanor. Such purchaser shall be entitled, if such representation is made and no such contract exists, to have the purchase price, tuition, fee or other consideration paid for the course refunded and may recover the same in an action of debt.

241.03 Croppers' contracts; filing, security interest. (1) No landowner-cropper contract is valid, except between the parties to the contract, unless the contract, subscribed by the parties, describing the premises and containing the entire agreement between the parties, or a copy of the contract, has been filed with the register of deeds of the county where the premises are located. The register of deeds shall file, endorse, enter and index croppers' contracts filed with the register of deeds in substantially the same manner as provided for financing statements covering security interests in fixtures. (2) In case such cropper contract is not filed then, except between the parties thereto, the cropper shall be conclusively presumed to have title and possession to an undivided one-half interest in all crops covered by such contract and the relationship between the landowner and cropper to be that of landlord and tenant. (3) Such cropper contract is not subject to ch. 409 unless the contract expressly creates a security interest.

241.05 Presumption if possession not changed. Every sale made by a vendor, of goods and chattels in the vendor's possession or control, and every assignment of goods and chattels, unless the same be accompanied by an immediate delivery and followed by an actual and continued change of possession of the things sold or assigned, shall be presumed to be fraudulent and void as against the creditors of the vendor or the creditors of the person making such assignment or subsequent purchasers in good faith; and shall be conclusive evidence of fraud unless it shall be made to appear on the part of the persons claiming under such sale or assignment that the same was made in good faith and without any intent to defraud such creditors or purchasers.

241.06 "Creditors" defined. The term "creditors," as used in s. 241.05, shall be construed to include all persons who shall be creditors of the vendor or assignor at any time while such goods and chattels shall remain in the vendor's or assignor's possession or control.

241.07 Excepted cases. Nothing contained in ss. 241.05 and 241.06 shall be construed to apply to contracts of bottomry or respondentia, nor to assignments or hypothecations of vessels or goods at sea or in foreign ports, or without this state; provided, the assignee or mortgagee shall take possession of such ship, vessels or goods as soon as may be after the arrival thereof within this state.

241.09 Assignment of wages. No assignment of the salary or wages of any married person is valid for any purpose unless the assignment is in writing signed by the person's spouse, if the spouse at the time is a member of the family, and unless the spouse's signature is witnessed by 2 disinterested witnesses. No assignment of the salary or wages of any person is valid as to any such salary or wages accruing more than 6 months after the date of the making of the assignment, except that any assignment of wages made in connection with a proceeding under s. 128.21 shall run concurrently with the period during which the amortization proceedings are in effect and shall become void upon the dismissal of the proceedings. Nothing in this section shall apply to assignments made under s. 109.09 or ch. 767, nor to any authorization from an employee to an employer directing deductions from wages to accrue in the future for union or employee club dues, insurance or annuities, war bond purchases, a revocable and voluntary deduction to a credit union or a state chartered financial institution operated primarily for the benefit of the employees of any particular employer or other financial institution under s. 705.01 (3), for contributions to the American Red Cross, a community fund or other similar charity, or any indebtedness to the employer. No assignment of salary or wages or voluntary deduction which is permitted under this section shall be valid if prohibited by s. 422.404.

241.24 Board of trade contracts. No contract for the future purchase, sale, transfer or delivery of personal property through a board of trade or organized commodity exchange is void when either party thereto intends, in good faith, to perform the same; and an intention on the part of either not to perform any such contract does not invalidate it if the other party in good faith intends to perform the same. No such contract is void because the vendor was not, at the time it was made, the owner of the property contracted to be sold; and in any action by either party for the enforcement of its terms or to recover damages for a breach thereof it is incompetent to show in defense, by any extrinsic evidence, that such contract had any other intent or meaning than it expresses; and it and all collateral contracts, agreements or securities growing out of it or of which they may have formed the consideration in whole or in part are legal and valid. Nothing herein shall be construed to exclude evidence of fraud in the procuring of any such contract as is first mentioned herein, or of any collateral contract, agreement or security growing out of it, or that any such contract was not entered into upon sufficient consideration, or is not supported thereby, or that both parties intended to make a wagering contract.

241.25 Transfer of bank book to be in writing. No gift, sale, assignment or transfer of any saving fund bank book bearing evidence of bank deposits or of any interest in the deposits represented thereby, shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing and the same or a copy thereof delivered to the bank issuing such bank deposit book.

241.27 Contracts requiring warning. Every proposed contract for the benefit of any person, firm or corporation furnishing or supplying in any wise whatever, goods, wares or merchandise to hawkers or peddlers and which by its terms upon execution thereof would bind any person to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such hawker or peddler, in lawfully or unlawfully disposing of such goods, wares or merchandise or the proceeds thereof, or which would bind any person to guarantee or answer for any debt or liability incurred by such hawker or peddler in acquiring any title to or interest in the goods, wares or merchandise to be disposed of by such hawker or peddler or in acquiring any title to or interest in any equipment intended to be used in conducting the business of such hawker or peddler, shall have plainly printed upon it, in red ink, in type not smaller than 10 point boldface type, at the time of its execution and directly above the place for the signature of the person who would, by signing such contract, become obligated to so answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such peddler or hawker, the following statement: "Warning — this may obligate you to pay money". Every such contract not containing such statement shall be unlawful and in any action brought upon any such contract in any court of this state, such contract shall be construed in accordance with the laws of this state. The provisions of this section, however, shall not apply to any such contract where the same contains a provision expressly limiting the amount of the liability of each person obligated to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such peddler or hawker.

241.28 Unsolicited goods. If unsolicited goods or merchandise of any kind are either addressed to or intended for the recipient, the goods or merchandise shall, unless otherwise agreed, be deemed a gift to the recipient who may use them or dispose of them in any manner without any obligation to the sender.

242.01 Definitions. In this chapter: (1) "Affiliate" means any of the following: (a) A person who directly or indirectly owns, controls or holds with power to vote, 20% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person who holds the securities: 1. As a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power to vote the securities; or 2. Solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact exercised the power to vote. (b) A corporation 20% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held with power to vote, by the debtor or a person who directly or indirectly owns, controls or holds with power to vote, 20% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person who holds the securities: 1. As a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power to vote the securities; 2. Solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact exercised the power to vote. (c) A person whose business is operated by the debtor under a lease or other agreement, or a person substantially all of whose assets are controlled by the debtor. (d) A person who operates the debtor's business under a lease or other agreement or controls substantially all of the debtor's assets. (2) "Asset" means property of a debtor, but does not include any of the following: (a) Property to the extent it is encumbered by a valid lien. (b) Property to the extent it is generally exempt under nonbankruptcy law. (bm) Property to the extent it is exempt under s. 815.18. (c) An interest in property held in tenancy by the entireties to the extent it is not subject to process by a creditor holding a claim against only one tenant. (3) "Claim" means a right to payment, whether or not the right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured or unsecured. (4) "Creditor" means a person who has a claim. (5) "Debt" means liability on a claim. (6) "Debtor" means a person who is liable on a claim. (7) "Insider" includes any of the following: (a) If the debtor is an individual: 1. A relative of the debtor or of a general partner of the debtor; 2. A partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; 3. A general partner in a partnership described in subd. 2.; 4. A corporation of which the debtor is a director, officer or person in control; or 5. A limited liability company of which the debtor is a manager or person in control. (b) If the debtor is a corporation: 1. A director of the debtor; 2. An officer of the debtor; 3. A person in control of the debtor; 4. A partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; 5. A general partner in a partnership described in subd. 4.; or 6. A relative of a general partner, director, officer or person in control of the debtor. (bL) If the debtor is a limited liability company, any of the following: 1. A manager of the debtor. 2. A person in control of the debtor. 3. A partnership in which the debtor is a general partner. 4. A general partner in a partnership described in subd. 3. 5. A relative of a manager or person in control of the debtor. (c) If the debtor is a partnership: 1. A general partner in the debtor; 2. A relative of a general partner in, a general partner of or a person in control of the debtor; 3. Another partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; 4. A general partner in a partnership described in subd. 3.; or 5. A person in control of the debtor. (d) An affiliate, or an insider of an affiliate as if the affiliate were the debtor. (e) A managing agent of the debtor. (8) "Lien" means a charge against or an interest in property to secure payment of a debt or performance of an obligation, and includes a security interest created by agreement, a judicial lien obtained by legal or equitable process or proceedings, a common-law lien or a statutory lien. (9) "Person" means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, organization, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust or any other legal or commercial entity. (10) "Property" means anything that may be the subject of ownership. (11) "Relative" means an individual related by blood within the 3rd degree of kinship as computed under s. 990.001 (16), a spouse or an individual related to a spouse within the 3rd degree as so computed, and includes an individual in an adoptive relationship within the 3rd degree. (12) "Transfer" means every mode, direct or indirect, absolute or conditional, voluntary or involuntary, of disposing of or parting with an asset or an interest in an asset, and includes payment of money, release, lease and creation of a lien or other encumbrance. (13) "Valid lien" means a lien that is effective against the holder of a judicial lien subsequently obtained by legal or equitable process or proceedings.

242.02 Insolvency. (1) In this section: (a) "Assets" do not include property that has been transferred, concealed or removed with intent to hinder, delay or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under this chapter. (b) "Debts" do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset. (2) A debtor is insolvent if the sum of the debtor's debts is greater than all of the debtor's assets at a fair valuation. (3) A debtor who is generally not paying debts as they become due is presumed to be insolvent. (4) A partnership is insolvent under sub. (2) if the sum of the partnership's debts is greater than the aggregate, at a fair valuation, of all of the partnership's assets and the sum of the excess of the value of each general partner's nonpartnership assets over the partner's nonpartnership debts.

242.03 Value. (1) Value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied, but value does not include an unperformed promise made otherwise than in the ordinary course of the promisor's business to furnish support to the debtor or another person. (2) For the purposes of ss. 242.04 (1) (b) and 242.05, a person gives a reasonably equivalent value if the person acquires an interest of the debtor in an asset pursuant to a regularly conducted, noncollusive foreclosure sale or execution of a power of sale for the acquisition or disposition of the interest of the debtor upon default under a mortgage, deed of trust or security agreement. (3) A transfer is made for present value if the exchange between the debtor and the transferee is intended by them to be contemporaneous and is in fact substantially contemporaneous.

242.04 Transfers fraudulent as to present and future creditors. (1) A transfer made or obligations incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation: (a) With actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud any creditor of the debtor; or (b) Without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation, and the debtor: 1. Was engaged or was about to engage in a business or a transaction for which the remaining assets of the debtor were unreasonably small in relation to the business or transaction; or 2. Intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that the debtor would incur, debts beyond the debtor's ability to pay as they became due. (2) In determining actual intent under sub. (1) (a), consideration may be given, among other factors, to whether: (a) The transfer or obligation was to an insider; (b) The debtor retained possession or control of the property transferred after the transfer; (c) The transfer or the obligation was disclosed or concealed; (d) Before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, the debtor had been sued or threatened with suit; (e) The transfer was of substantially all the debtor's assets; (f) The debtor absconded; (g) The debtor removed or concealed assets; (h) The value of the consideration received by the debtor was reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset transferred or the amount of the obligation incurred; (i) The debtor was insolvent or became insolvent shortly after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred; (j) The transfer occurred shortly before or shortly after a substantial debt was incurred; and (k) The debtor transferred the essential assets of the business to a lienor who transferred the assets to an insider of the debtor.

242.05 Transfers fraudulent as to present creditors. (1) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation. (2) A transfer made by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent.

242.06 When transfer is made or obligation is incurred. For the purposes of this chapter: (1) A transfer is made: (a) With respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good-faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against whom applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee. (b) With respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien other than under this chapter that is superior to the interest of the transferee. (2) If applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in sub. (1) and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under this chapter, the transfer is deemed made immediately before the commencement of the action. (3) If applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in sub. (1), the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee. (4) A transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred. (5) An obligation is incurred: (a) If oral, when it becomes effective between the parties. (b) If evidenced by a writing, when the writing executed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.

242.07 Remedies of creditors. (1) In an action for relief against a transfer or obligation under this chapter, a creditor, subject to the limitations in s. 242.08, may obtain any of the following: (a) Avoidance of the transfer or obligation to the extent necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim. (b) An attachment or other provisional remedy against the asset transferred or other property of the transferee in accordance with chs. 810 to 813. (c) Subject to applicable principles of equity and in accordance with applicable rules of civil procedure: 1. An injunction against further disposition by the debtor or a transferee, or both, of the asset transferred or of other property; 2. Appointment of a receiver to take charge of the asset transferred or of other property of the transferee; or 3. Any other relief the circumstances may require. (2) If a creditor has obtained a judgment on a claim against the debtor, the creditor, if the court so orders, may levy execution on the asset transferred or its proceeds.

242.08 Defenses, liability and protection of transferee. (1) A transfer or obligation is not voidable under s. 242.04 (1) (a) against a person who took in good faith and for a reasonably equivalent value or against any subsequent transferee or obligee. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, to the extent a transfer is voidable in an action by a creditor under s. 242.07 (1) (a), the creditor may recover judgment for the value of the asset transferred, as adjusted under sub. (3), or the amount necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim, whichever is less. The judgment may be entered against any of the following: (a) The first transferee of the asset or the person for whose benefit the transfer was made. (b) Any subsequent transferee other than a good faith transferee who took for value or from any subsequent transferee. (3) If the judgment under sub. (2) is based upon the value of the asset transferred, the judgment must be for an amount equal to the value of the asset at the time of the transfer, subject to adjustment as the equities may require. (4) Notwithstanding voidability of a transfer or an obligation under this chapter, a good-faith transferee or obligee is entitled, to the extent of the value given the debtor for the transfer or obligation, to any of the following: (a) A lien on or a right to retain any interest in the asset transferred. (b) Enforcement of any obligation incurred. (c) A reduction in the amount of the liability on the judgment. (5) A transfer is not voidable under s. 242.04 (1) (b) or 242.05 if the transfer results from any of the following: (a) Termination of a lease upon default by the debtor when the termination is pursuant to the lease and applicable law. (b) Enforcement of a security interest in compliance with ch. 409. (6) A transfer is not voidable under s. 242.05 (2): (a) To the extent that the insider gave new value to or for the benefit of the debtor after the transfer was made unless the new value was secured by a valid lien; (b) If made in the ordinary course of business or financial affairs of the debtor and the insider; or (c) If made pursuant to a good-faith effort to rehabilitate the debtor and the transfer secured present value given for that purpose as well as an antecedent debt of the debtor.

242.09 Statute of limitation. Actions under this chapter are barred as provided in s. 893.425.

242.10 Supplementary provisions. Unless displaced by this chapter, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relating to principal and agent, estoppel, laches, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, insolvency or other validating or invalidating cause, supplement this chapter.

242.11 Uniformity of application and construction. This chapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states enacting it.

243.01 Grants, etc., of trust to be in writing. Every grant or assignment of any existing trust in lands, goods or things in action, unless the same shall be in writing subscribed by the party making the same or by the party's agent lawfully authorized, shall be void.

243.02 Conveyances void as to creditors void as to their heirs, etc. Every conveyance, charge, instrument or proceeding declared to be void by chs. 240 to 243 as against creditors or purchasers shall be equally void against the heirs, successors, personal representatives or assignees of such creditors or purchasers.

243.03 "Lands" defined. The term "lands", as used in chs. 240 to 243, shall be construed as coextensive in meaning with "lands, tenements and hereditaments"; and the term "estate and interest in lands" shall be construed to embrace every estate and interest, freehold and chattel, legal and equitable, present and future, vested and contingent, in lands as above defined.

243.04 "Conveyance" defined. The term "conveyance," as used in chs. 240, 241 and 243, shall be construed to embrace every instrument in writing except a last will and testament, whatever may be its form, and by whatever name it may be known in law, by which any estate or interest in lands is created, aliened, assigned or surrendered.

243.05 Instruments signed by agents. Every instrument required under chs. 240 to 243 to be subscribed by any party may be subscribed by the agent of such party lawfully authorized thereto.

243.06 Death of principal, effect on agency. The death of the principal shall not operate as a revocation of an agency as to the attorney or agent until the attorney or agent shall have notice of the death, or as to one who, without notice of such death, in good faith deals with the attorney or agent; and this shall apply whether the agency was created by writing or not. This section does not apply to powers of attorney created on or after May 1, 1982.

244.01 Short title. This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Power of Attorney for Finances and Property Act.

244.02 Definitions. In this chapter: (1) "Agent" means a person granted authority to act for a principal under a power of attorney, whether denominated an agent, attorney-in-fact, or otherwise. (2) "Domestic partner" has the meaning given in s. 770.01 (1). (3) "Durable power of attorney" means a power of attorney that is not terminated by the principal's incapacity. (4) "Electronic" means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. (5) "Genuine" means free of forgery or counterfeiting. (6) "Good faith" means honesty in fact. (7) "Incapacity" means inability of an individual to manage property, finances, or business affairs because the individual meets one of the following criteria: (a) Has an impairment in the ability to receive and evaluate information or make or communicate decisions even with the use of technological assistance. (b) Is missing. (c) Is detained, including incarceration in a correctional facility. (d) Is outside the United States and unable to return. (8) "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity. (9) "Power of attorney" means a writing or other record that grants authority to an agent to act in the place of the principal, whether or not the term power of attorney is used. (10) "Presently exercisable general power of appointment," with respect to property or a property interest subject to a power of appointment, means power exercisable at the time in question to vest absolute ownership in the principal individually, the principal's estate, the principal's creditors, or the creditors of the principal's estate. The term does not include a power exercisable in a fiduciary capacity or only by will. The term includes a power of appointment that is exercisable only when one of the following circumstances exists: (a) The occurrence of a specified event. (b) The satisfaction of an ascertainable standard. (c) The passage of a specified period only after the occurrence of the specified event, the satisfaction of the ascertainable standard, or the passage of the specified period. (11) "Principal" means an individual who grants authority to an agent in a power of attorney. (12) "Property" means anything that may be the subject of ownership, including real or personal property, or any interest or right in that property. (13) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. (14) "Sign" means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, any of the following: (a) To execute or adopt a tangible symbol. (b) To attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic sound, symbol, or process. (15) "Stocks and bonds" means stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and all other types of securities and financial instruments, whether held directly, indirectly, or in any other manner. The term does not include commodity futures contracts and call or put options on stocks or stock indexes.

244.03 Applicability. This chapter applies to all powers of attorney except for the following: (1) A power to the extent it is coupled with an interest in the subject of the power, including a power given to or for the benefit of a creditor in connection with a credit transaction. (2) A power to make health-care decisions. (3) A proxy or other delegation to exercise voting rights or management rights with respect to an entity. (4) A power created on a form prescribed by a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality for a governmental purpose.

244.04 Power of attorney is durable. A power of attorney created under this chapter is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.

244.05 Execution of power of attorney. To execute a power of attorney the principal must sign the power of attorney or another individual, in the principal's conscious presence and directed by the principal, must sign the principal's name on the power of attorney. A signature of the principal on a power of attorney is presumed to be genuine if the principal makes an acknowledgment of the power of attorney before a notarial officer authorized under s. 706.07 to take acknowledgments.

244.06 Validity of power of attorney. (1) A power of attorney executed in this state on or after September 1, 2010, is valid if its execution complies with s. 244.05. (2) A power of attorney executed in this state before September 1, 2010, is valid if its execution complied with the law of this state as it existed at the time of execution. (3) A power of attorney executed outside this state is valid in this state if, when the power of attorney was executed, the execution complied with one of the following: (a) The law of the jurisdiction that determines the meaning and effect of the power of attorney, as provided under s. 244.07. (b) The requirements for a military power of attorney under 10 USC 1044b. (4) A photocopy or electronically transmitted copy of an original power of attorney has the same effect as the original.

244.07 Meaning and effect of power of attorney. (1) The meaning and effect of a power of attorney is determined by the law of the jurisdiction indicated in the power of attorney and, in the absence of an indication of jurisdiction in the power of attorney, by the law of the jurisdiction in which the power of attorney was executed. (2) Unless specifically stated, a power of attorney does not authorize gifting, self-dealing, or oral amendment of the power of attorney, and any such specific authority shall be strictly construed. History: 2009 a. 319. 244.08 Nomination of guardian; relation of agent to court-appointed fiduciary. (1) In a power of attorney, a principal may nominate a guardian of the principal's estate or guardian of the principal's person for consideration by the court if protective proceedings for the principal's estate or person are begun after the principal executes the power of attorney. (2) If, after a principal executes a power of attorney, a court appoints a conservator or guardian of the principal's estate or other fiduciary charged with the management of some or all of the principal's property, the agent is accountable to the fiduciary as well as to the principal. The power of attorney is not terminated and the agent's authority continues unless limited, suspended, or terminated by the court.

244.09 When a power of attorney is effective. (1) A power of attorney is effective when executed unless the principal provides in the power of attorney that it becomes effective at a future date or upon the occurrence of a future event or contingency. (2) If a power of attorney becomes effective upon the occurrence of a future event or contingency, the principal, in the power of attorney, may authorize one or more persons to determine that the event or contingency has occurred. (3) If a power of attorney becomes effective upon the principal's incapacity and the principal has not authorized a person to determine whether the principal is incapacitated, or the person so authorized is unable or unwilling to make the determination, the power of attorney becomes effective upon a determination in a writing or other record by one of the following: (a) A physician licensed under ch. 448 or a psychologist licensed under ch. 455 that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning of s. 244.02 (7) (a). (b) An attorney at law, a judge, or an appropriate governmental official that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning of s. 244.02 (7) (b), (c), or (d). (c) A person authorized by the principal in the power of attorney to determine that the principal is incapacitated may act as the principal's personal representative under 42 USC 1320d, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and applicable regulations, to obtain access to the principal's health-care information and communicate with the principal's health care provider.

244.10 Termination of power of attorney or agent's authority. (1) A power of attorney terminates when any of the following occurs: (a) The principal dies. (b) The principal becomes incapacitated, if the power of attorney so provides. (c) The principal revokes the power of attorney. (d) The power of attorney provides that it terminates. (e) The purpose of the power of attorney is accomplished. (f) The principal revokes the agent's authority or the agent dies, becomes incapacitated, or resigns, and the power of attorney does not provide for another agent to act under the power of attorney. (2) An agent's authority terminates when any of the following occurs: (a) The principal revokes the authority. (b) The agent dies, becomes incapacitated, or resigns. (c) An action is filed for the dissolution or annulment of the agent's marriage to the principal or their legal separation, unless the power of attorney otherwise provides. (d) The power of attorney terminates. (e) The domestic partnership of the principal and agent under ch. 770 is terminated unless the power of attorney otherwise provides. (3) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, an agent's authority is exercisable until the authority terminates under sub. (2), notwithstanding a lapse of time since the execution of the power of attorney. (4) Termination of an agent's authority or of a power of attorney is not effective as to the agent or another person that, without actual knowledge of the termination, acts in good faith under the power of attorney. An act so performed, unless otherwise invalid or unenforceable, binds the principal and the principal's successors in interest. (5) Incapacity of the principal of a power of attorney that is not durable does not revoke or terminate the power of attorney as to an agent or other person that, without actual knowledge of the incapacity, acts in good faith under the power of attorney. An act so performed, unless otherwise invalid or unenforceable, binds the principal and the principal's successors in interest. (6) The execution of a power of attorney does not revoke a power of attorney previously executed by the principal unless the subsequent power of attorney provides that the previous power of attorney is revoked or that all other powers of attorney are revoked.

244.11 Coagents and successor agents. (1) A principal may designate in a power of attorney 2 or more persons to act as coagents. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, each coagent may exercise its authority independently. (2) A principal may designate in a power of attorney one or more successor agents to act if an agent resigns, dies, becomes incapacitated, is not qualified to serve, or declines to serve. A principal may grant authority to designate one or more successor agents to an agent or other person designated by name, office, or function. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, a successor agent is subject to all of the following: (a) Has the same authority as that granted to the original agent. (b) May not act until all predecessor agents have resigned, died, become incapacitated, are no longer qualified to serve, or have declined to serve. (3) Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney and sub. (4), an agent who does not participate in or conceal a breach of fiduciary duty committed by another agent, including a predecessor agent, is not liable for the actions of the other agent. (4) An agent who has actual knowledge of a breach or imminent breach of fiduciary duty by another agent shall notify the principal and, if the principal is incapacitated, take any other action reasonably appropriate in the circumstances to safeguard the principal's best interest. An agent who fails to take action as required by this subsection is liable for the reasonably foreseeable damages that could have been avoided if the agent had notified the principal or taken other action.

244.12 Reimbursement and compensation of agent. Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney, an agent is entitled to reimbursement of any expenses reasonably incurred on behalf of the principal and to compensation that is reasonable under the circumstances.

244.13 Agent's acceptance. Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney, a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent or by any other assertion or conduct indicating acceptance.

244.14 Agent's duties. (1) Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary in the power of attorney, an agent who has accepted appointment shall do all of the following: (a) Act in accordance with the principal's reasonable expectations to the extent actually known by the agent and, if those expectations are not known, in the principal's best interest. (b) Act in good faith. (c) Act only within the scope of authority granted in the power of attorney. (2) Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney, an agent who has accepted an appointment shall do all of the following: (a) Act loyally for the principal's benefit. (b) Act so as not to create a conflict of interest that impairs the agent's ability to act impartially in the principal's best interest. (c) Act with the care, competence, and diligence ordinarily exercised by agents in similar circumstances. (d) Keep a record of all receipts, disbursements, and transactions made on behalf of the principal. (e) Cooperate with a person that has authority to make health-care decisions for the principal to carry out the principal's reasonable expectations to the extent actually known by the agent and, if those expectations are not known, act in the principal's best interest. (f) Attempt to preserve the principal's estate plan, to the extent actually known by the agent, if preserving the plan is consistent with the principal's best interest based on all relevant factors, including all of the following: 1. The value and nature of the principal's property. 2. The principal's foreseeable obligations and need for maintenance. 3. The minimization of taxes, including income, estate, inheritance, generation-skipping transfer, and gift taxes. 4. Eligibility for a benefit, a program, or assistance under a statute, rule, or regulation. (3) An agent who acts in good faith is not liable to any beneficiary of the principal's estate plan for failure to preserve the plan. (4) An agent who acts with care, competence, and diligence for the best interest of the principal is not liable solely because the agent also benefits from the act or has an individual or conflicting interest in relation to the property or affairs of the principal. (5) If an agent is selected by the principal because of special skills or expertise possessed by the agent or in reliance on the agent's representation that the agent has special skills or expertise, the special skills or expertise must be considered in determining whether the agent has acted with care, competence, and diligence under the circumstances. (6) Absent a breach of duty to the principal, an agent is not liable if the value of the principal's property declines. (7) An agent who exercises authority to delegate to another person the authority granted by the principal or that engages another person on behalf of the principal is not liable for an act, error of judgment, or default of that person if the agent exercises care, competence, and diligence in selecting and monitoring the person. (8) Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney, an agent is not required to disclose receipts, disbursements, or transactions conducted on behalf of the principal unless ordered by a court or requested by one of the following: (a) The principal. (b) A guardian, a conservator, or another fiduciary acting for the principal. (c) A governmental agency having regulatory authority to protect the welfare of the principal. (d) Upon the death of the principal, by the personal representative or successor in interest of the principal's estate. (9) If ordered or requested to disclose information under sub. (8), the agent shall comply with the request within 30 days or provide a writing or other record substantiating why additional time is needed and shall comply with the request within an additional 30 days.

244.15 Exoneration of agent. A provision in a power of attorney relieving an agent of liability for breach of duty is binding on the principal and the principal's successors in interest except to the extent that the provision does any of the following: (1) Relieves the agent of liability for breach of duty committed dishonestly, with an improper motive, or with reckless indifference to the purposes of the power of attorney or the best interest of the principal. (2) Was inserted as a result of an abuse of a confidential or fiduciary relationship with the principal.

244.16 Judicial relief. (1) The following persons may petition the circuit court of the county where the principal is present or of the county of the principal's legal residence to construe a power of attorney or review the agent's conduct, and grant appropriate relief: (a) The principal or the agent. (b) A guardian, conservator, or other fiduciary acting for the principal. (c) A person authorized to make health-care decisions for the principal. (d) The principal's spouse, parent, or descendant. (e) The principal's domestic partner. (f) An individual who would qualify as a presumptive heir of the principal. (g) A person named as a beneficiary to receive any property, benefit, or contractual right on the principal's death or as a beneficiary of a trust created by or for the principal that has a financial interest in the principal's estate. (h) A governmental agency having regulatory authority to protect the welfare of the principal. (i) The principal's caregiver or another person that demonstrates sufficient interest in the principal's welfare. (j) A person asked to accept the power of attorney. (2) Upon motion by the principal, the court shall dismiss a petition filed under this section, unless the court finds that the principal lacks capacity to revoke the agent's authority or the power of attorney.

244.17 Agent's liability. An agent who violates this chapter is liable to the principal or the principal's successors in interest for the amount required to do all of the following: (1) Restore the value of the principal's property to what it would have been had the violation not occurred. (2) Reimburse the principal or the principal's successors in interest for the attorney fees and costs paid on the agent's behalf.

244.18 Agent's resignation; notice. Unless the power of attorney provides a different method for an agent's resignation, an agent may resign by giving notice to the principal and, if the principal is incapacitated, to any of the following: (1) To the guardian, if one has been appointed for the principal, and a coagent or successor agent. (2) If there is no person described in sub. (1), to any of the following: (a) The principal's caregiver. (b) Another person reasonably believed by the agent to have sufficient interest in the principal's welfare. (c) A governmental agency having regulatory authority to protect the welfare of the principal.

244.19 Protection of persons that accept and rely upon an acknowledged power of attorney. (1) For purposes of this section and s. 244.20, "acknowledged" means the taking of an acknowledgment before a notarial officer authorized to take acknowledgements under s. 706.07. (2) A person that in good faith accepts an acknowledged power of attorney without actual knowledge that the signature is not genuine may rely upon the presumption under s. 244.05 that the signature is genuine. (3) (a) A person that in good faith accepts an acknowledged power of attorney without actual knowledge of any of the following may act as provided in par. (b): 1. That the power of attorney is void, invalid, or terminated. 2. That the purported agent's authority is void, invalid, or terminated. 3. That the agent is exceeding or improperly exercising the agent's authority. (b) A person described in par. (a) may rely upon the power of attorney as if the power of attorney were genuine, valid, and still in effect, the agent's authority were genuine, valid, and still in effect, and the agent had not exceeded and had properly exercised the authority. (4) A person who is asked to accept an acknowledged power of attorney may request and rely upon, without further investigation, all of the following: (a) An agent's certification under penalty of perjury of any factual matter concerning the principal, agent, or power of attorney. (b) An English translation of the power of attorney if the power of attorney contains, in whole or in part, language other than English. (c) An opinion of counsel as to any matter of law concerning the power of attorney if the person making the request provides in a writing or other record the reason for the request. (5) An English translation or an opinion of counsel requested under this section must be provided at the principal's expense. (6) For purposes of this section, a person that conducts activities through employees is without actual knowledge of a fact relating to a power of attorney, a principal, or an agent if the employee conducting the transaction involving the power of attorney is without actual knowledge of the fact.

244.20 Refusal to accept acknowledged power of attorney. (1) A person may, in good faith, refuse to accept an acknowledged power of attorney within 10 business days of presentment if any of the following applies: (a) The person is not otherwise required to engage in a transaction with the principal in the same circumstances. (b) Engaging in a transaction with the agent or the principal in the same circumstances would be inconsistent with federal or state law. (c) The person has actual knowledge of the termination of the agent's authority or of the power of attorney before exercise of the power of attorney. (d) A request for a certification, a translation, or an opinion of counsel under s. 244.19 (4) is refused. (e) The person believes that the power of attorney is not valid, that the agent does not have the authority to perform the act requested, or that the person presenting the power of attorney is not the agent named in the power of attorney, whether or not a certification, a translation, or an opinion of counsel under s. 244.19 (4) has been requested or provided. (f) The person makes, or has actual knowledge that another person has made, a report to the designated adult at risk or elder adult at risk agency, or to a law enforcement agency, stating a good faith belief that the principal may be subject to physical or financial abuse, neglect, exploitation, or abandonment by the agent or a person acting for or with the agent. (g) The person brought, or has actual knowledge that another person has brought, an action under s. 244.16 for construction of a power of attorney or review of the agent's conduct. (h) The power of attorney becomes effective upon the occurrence of an event or contingency, and neither a certification nor evidence of the occurrence of the event or contingency is presented to the person being asked to accept the power of attorney. (i) The person has any other reasonable belief that the power of attorney is illegal or unenforceable and should be refused. (2) A person may not refuse to accept an acknowledged power of attorney if any of the following applies: (a) The person's reason for refusal is based exclusively on the date the power of attorney was executed. (b) The person's reason for refusal is based exclusively on a mandate that an additional or different power of attorney form must be used. (c) The person has no good faith basis for refusal under sub. (1). (3) If a person requests a certification, a translation, or an opinion of counsel under s. 244.19 (4), the person shall accept the power of attorney no later than 5 business days after receipt of the certification, translation, or opinion of counsel, provided that there is no other good faith reason to refuse under sub. (1). (4) It is not a refusal to accept an acknowledged power of attorney if any of the following applies: (a) The person requests but does not require that an additional or different power of attorney form be used. (b) The person has requested but has not received a certification, a translation, or an opinion of counsel under s. 244.19 (4). (5) If a person refuses to accept an acknowledged power of attorney in violation of this section, the person requesting the acceptance may request that a court order all of the following: (a) Acceptance of the power of attorney. (b) In any action or proceeding that confirms the validity of the power of attorney or mandates acceptance of the power of attorney, payment of reasonable attorney fees, notwithstanding s. 814.04 (1), and costs by the person who refuses to accept the power of attorney. (6) If a court determines that a proceeding to mandate acceptance of an acknowledged power of attorney was brought other than in good faith, the court may award reasonable attorney fees and costs to the prevailing party.

244.21 Laws applicable to financial institutions and entities. This chapter does not supersede any other law applicable to financial institutions or insurance companies, and the other law controls if in conflict with this chapter.

SUBCHAPTER II AUTHORITY 244.41 Authority that requires specific grant, grant of general authority. (1) An agent under a power of attorney may do any of the following on behalf of the principal or with the principal's property only if the power of attorney expressly grants the agent the authority and the exercise of that authority is not otherwise prohibited by another agreement or instrument to which the authority or property is subject: (a) Create, amend, revoke, or terminate an inter vivos trust. (b) Make a gift. (c) Create or change rights of survivorship. (d) Create or change a beneficiary designation. (e) Delegate authority granted under the power of attorney. (f) Waive the principal's right to be a beneficiary of a joint and survivor annuity, including a survivor benefit under a retirement plan. (g) Exercise fiduciary powers that the principal has authority to delegate. (h) Disclaim property, including a power of appointment. (2) Notwithstanding a grant of authority to do an act described in sub. (1), unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, an agent who is not a spouse or domestic partner of the principal, may not do any of the following: (a) Exercise authority under a power of attorney to create in the agent an interest in the principal's property, whether by gift, right of survivorship, beneficiary designation, disclaimer, or otherwise. (b) Exercise authority under a power of attorney to create in an individual to whom the agent owes a legal obligation of support, an interest in the principal's property, whether by gift, right of survivorship, beneficiary designation, disclaimer, or otherwise. (3) Subject to subs. (1), (2), (4), and (5), if a power of attorney grants to an agent the authority to do all acts that a principal could do, the agent has the general authority described in ss. 244.44 to 244.56. (4) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, a grant of authority to make a gift is subject to s. 244.57. (5) Subject to subs. (1), (2), and (4), if the subjects over which authority is granted in a power of attorney are similar or overlap, the broadest authority controls. (6) Authority granted in a power of attorney is exercisable with respect to property that the principal has when the power of attorney is executed or acquires later, whether or not the property is located in this state and whether or not the authority is exercised or the power of attorney is executed in this state. (7) An act performed by an agent pursuant to a power of attorney has the same effect and inures to the benefit of and binds the principal and the principal's successors in interest as if the principal had performed the act.

244.42 Incorporation of authority. (1) An agent has the authority described in this subchapter if the power of attorney refers to general authority as indicated by section titles for ss. 244.44 to 244.56 or cites the section in which the authority is described. (2) A reference in a power of attorney to general authority with respect to the descriptive term for a subject in ss. 244.44 to 244.56 or a citation to any of ss. 244.44 to 244.56 incorporates the entire section as if it were set out in full in the power of attorney. (3) A principal may modify authority incorporated by reference.

244.43 Construction of authority generally. Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney, by executing a power of attorney that incorporates by reference a subject described in ss. 244.44 to 244.56 or that grants to an agent authority to do all acts that a principal could do under s. 244.41 (3), a principal authorizes the agent, with respect to that subject, to do all of the following: (1) Demand, receive, and obtain by any lawful means, money or another thing of value to which the principal is, may become, or claims to be entitled, and conserve, invest, disburse, or use anything so received or obtained for the purposes intended. (2) Contract with any person, on terms agreeable to the agent, to accomplish a purpose of a transaction and perform, rescind, cancel, terminate, reform, restate, release, or modify the contract or another contract made by or on behalf of the principal. (3) Execute, acknowledge, seal, deliver, file, or record any instrument or communication the agent considers desirable to accomplish a purpose of a transaction, including creating a schedule listing some or all of the principal's property and attaching it to the power of attorney. (4) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to a claim existing in favor of or against the principal or intervene in litigation relating to the claim. (5) Seek on the principal's behalf the assistance of a court or other governmental agency to carry out an act authorized in the power of attorney. (6) Engage, compensate, and discharge an attorney, accountant, discretionary investment manager, expert witness, or other advisor. (7) Prepare, execute, and file a record, report, or other document to safeguard or promote the principal's interest under a statute, rule, or regulation. (8) Communicate with any representative or employee of a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, on behalf of the principal. (9) Access communications intended for, and communicate on behalf of, the principal by any means. (10) Do any lawful act with respect to a subject described in ss. 244.44 to 244.56 and all property related to that subject.

244.44 Real property. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to real property authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Demand, buy, lease, receive, accept as a gift or as security for an extension of credit, or otherwise acquire or reject an interest in real property or a right incident to real property. (2) Sell; exchange; convey with or without covenants, representations, or warranties; quit claim; release; surrender; retain title for security; encumber; partition; consent to partitioning; subject to an easement or covenant; subdivide; apply for zoning or other governmental permits; plat or consent to platting; develop; grant an option concerning; lease; sublease; contribute to an entity in exchange for an interest in that entity; or otherwise grant or dispose of an interest in real property or a right incident to real property. (3) Pledge or mortgage an interest in real property or right incident to real property as security to borrow money or pay, renew, or extend the time of payment of a debt of the principal or a debt guaranteed by the principal. (4) Release, assign, satisfy, or enforce by any lawful means a mortgage, deed of trust, conditional sale contract, encumbrance, lien, or other claim to real property which exists or is asserted. (5) Manage or conserve an interest in real property or a right incident to real property owned or claimed to be owned by the principal, including by doing any of the following: (a) Insuring against liability or casualty or other loss. (b) Obtaining or regaining possession of or protecting the interest or right by litigation or otherwise. (c) Paying, assessing, compromising, or contesting taxes or assessments or applying for and receiving refunds in connection with taxes or assessments. (d) Purchasing supplies, hiring assistance or labor, and making repairs or alterations to the real property. (6) Use, develop, alter, replace, remove, erect, or install structures or other improvements upon real property in or incident to which the principal has, or claims to have, an interest or right. (7) Participate in a reorganization with respect to real property or an entity that owns an interest in or right incident to real property and receive, hold, and act with respect to stocks and bonds or other property received in a plan of reorganization, including by doing any of the following: (a) Selling or otherwise disposing of the stocks, bonds, or property. (b) Exercising or selling an option, right of conversion, or similar right with respect to the stocks, bonds, or property. (c) Exercising any voting rights in person or by proxy. (8) Change the form of title of an interest in or right incident to real property. (9) Dedicate to public use, with or without consideration, easements or other real property in which the principal has, or claims to have, an interest.

244.45 Tangible personal property. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to tangible personal property authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Demand, buy, receive, accept as a gift or as security for an extension of credit, or otherwise acquire or reject ownership or possession of tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property. (2) Sell; exchange; convey with or without covenants, representations, or warranties; quit claim; release; surrender; create a security interest in; grant options concerning; lease; sublease; or otherwise dispose of tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property. (3) Grant a security interest in tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property as security to borrow money or pay, renew, or extend the time of payment of a debt of the principal or a debt guaranteed by the principal. (4) Release, assign, satisfy, or enforce by litigation or otherwise, a security interest, lien, or other claim on behalf of the principal, with respect to tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property. (5) Manage or conserve tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property on behalf of the principal, including by doing any of the following: (a) Insuring against liability or casualty or other loss. (b) Obtaining or regaining possession of or protecting the property or interest, by litigation or otherwise. (c) Paying, assessing, compromising, or contesting taxes or assessments or applying for and receiving refunds in connection with taxes or assessments. (d) Moving the property from place to place. (e) Storing the property for hire or under a gratuitous bailment. (f) Using and making repairs, alterations, or improvements to the property. (6) Change the form of title of an interest in tangible personal property.

244.46 Stocks and bonds. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to stocks and bonds authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Buy, sell, and exchange stocks and bonds. (2) Establish, continue, modify, or terminate an account with respect to stocks and bonds. (3) Pledge stocks and bonds as security to borrow, pay, renew, or extend the time of payment of a debt of the principal. (4) Receive certificates and other evidences of ownership with respect to stocks and bonds. (5) Exercise voting rights with respect to stocks and bonds in person or by proxy, enter into voting trusts, and consent to limitations on the right to vote. (6) Exercise in person or by proxy, or enforce by litigation or otherwise, a right, power, privilege, or option the principal has or claims to have as the holder of stocks and bonds. (7) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to litigation to which the principal is a party concerning stocks and bonds.

244.47 Commodities and options. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to commodities and options authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Buy, sell, exchange, assign, settle, and exercise commodity futures contracts and call or put options on stocks or stock indexes traded on a regulated option exchange. (2) Establish, continue, modify, and terminate option accounts.

244.48 Banks and other financial institutions. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to banks and other financial institutions authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Continue, modify, and terminate an account or other banking arrangement made by or on behalf of the principal. (2) Establish, modify, and terminate an account or other banking arrangement with a bank, trust company, savings and loan association, credit union, thrift company, brokerage firm, or other financial institution selected by the agent. (3) Contract for services available from a financial institution, including renting a safe deposit box or space in a vault. (4) Withdraw, by check, order, electronic funds transfer, or otherwise, money or property of the principal deposited with or left in the custody of a financial institution. (5) Receive statements of account, vouchers, notices, and similar documents from a financial institution and act with respect to them. (6) Enter a safe deposit box or vault and withdraw or add to the contents. (7) Borrow money and pledge as security personal property of the principal necessary to borrow money or pay, renew, or extend the time of payment of a debt of the principal or a debt guaranteed by the principal. (8) Make, assign, draw, endorse, discount, guarantee, and negotiate promissory notes, checks, drafts, and other negotiable or nonnegotiable paper of the principal or payable to the principal or the principal's order; transfer money, receive the cash or other proceeds of those transactions; and accept a draft drawn by a person upon the principal and pay it when due. (9) Receive for the principal and act upon a sight draft, warehouse receipt, or other document of title whether tangible or electronic, or other negotiable or nonnegotiable instrument. (10) Apply for, receive, and use letters of credit, credit and debit cards, electronic transaction authorizations, and traveler's checks from a financial institution and give an indemnity or other agreement in connection with letters of credit. (11) Consent to an extension of the time of payment with respect to commercial paper or a financial transaction with a financial institution.

244.49 Operation of entity or business. Subject to the terms of a document or an agreement governing an entity or business or an entity or business ownership interest, and unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to operation of an entity or business authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Operate, buy, sell, enlarge, reduce, or terminate an ownership interest. (2) Perform a duty or discharge a liability and exercise in person or by proxy a right, power, privilege, or option that the principal has, may have, or claims to have. (3) Enforce the terms of an ownership agreement. (4) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to litigation to which the principal is a party because of an ownership interest. (5) Exercise in person or by proxy, or enforce by litigation or otherwise, a right, power, privilege, or option the principal has or claims to have as the holder of stocks and bonds. (6) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to litigation to which the principal is a party concerning stocks and bonds. (7) With respect to an entity or business owned solely by the principal, do all of the following: (a) Continue, modify, renegotiate, extend, and terminate a contract made by or on behalf of the principal with respect to the entity or business before execution of the power of attorney. (b) Determine all of the following: 1. The location of its operation. 2. The nature and extent of its business. 3. The methods of manufacturing, selling, merchandising, financing, accounting, and advertising employed in its operation. 4. The amount and types of insurance carried. 5. The mode of engaging, compensating, and dealing with its employees and accountants, attorneys, or other advisors. (c) Change the name or form of organization under which the entity or business is operated and enter into an ownership agreement with other persons to take over all or part of the operation of the entity or business. (d) Demand and receive money due or claimed by the principal or on the principal's behalf in the operation of the entity or business and control and disburse the money in the operation of the entity or business. (8) Put additional capital into an entity or business in which the principal has an interest. (9) Join in a plan of reorganization, consolidation, conversion, domestication, or merger of the entity or business. (10) Sell or liquidate all or part of an entity or business. (11) Establish the value of an entity or business under a buy-out agreement to which the principal is a party. (12) Prepare, sign, file, and deliver reports, compilations of information, returns, or other papers with respect to an entity or business and make related payments. (13) Pay, compromise, or contest taxes, assessments, fines, or penalties and perform any other act to protect the principal from illegal or unnecessary taxation, assessments, fines, or penalties, with respect to an entity or business, including attempts to recover, in any manner permitted by law, money paid before or after the execution of the power of attorney.

244.50 Insurance and annuities. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to insurance and annuities authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Continue, pay the premium or make a contribution on, modify, exchange, rescind, release, or terminate a contract procured by or on behalf of the principal which insures or provides an annuity to either the principal or another person, whether or not the principal is a beneficiary under the contract. (2) Procure new, different, and additional contracts of insurance and annuities for the principal and the principal's spouse or domestic partner, children, and other dependents, and select the amount, type of insurance or annuity, and mode of payment. (3) Pay the premium or make a contribution on, modify, exchange, rescind, release, or terminate a contract of insurance or annuity procured by the agent. (4) Apply for and receive a loan secured by a contract of insurance or annuity. (5) Surrender and receive the cash surrender value on a contract of insurance or annuity. (6) Exercise an election. (7) Exercise investment powers available under a contract of insurance or annuity. (8) Change the manner of paying premiums on a contract of insurance or annuity. (9) Change or convert the type of insurance or annuity with respect to which the principal has or claims to have authority described in this section. (10) Apply for and procure a benefit or assistance under a statute, rule, or regulation to guarantee or pay premiums of a contract of insurance on the life of the principal. (11) Collect, sell, assign, hypothecate, borrow against, or pledge the interest of the principal in a contract of insurance or annuity. (12) Select the form and timing of the payment of proceeds from a contract of insurance or annuity. (13) Pay, from proceeds or otherwise, compromise or contest, and apply for refunds in connection with, a tax or assessment levied by a taxing authority with respect to a contract of insurance or annuity or its proceeds or liability accruing by reason of the tax or assessment.

244.51 Estates, trusts, and other beneficial interests. (1) In this section, "estates, trusts, and other beneficial interests" means a trust, probate estate, guardianship, conservatorship, escrow, or custodianship or a fund from which the principal is, may become, or claims to be, entitled to a share or payment. (2) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to estates, trusts, and other beneficial interests authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (a) Accept, receive, receipt for, sell, assign, pledge, or exchange a share in or payment from an estate, trust, or beneficial interest. (b) Demand or obtain money or another thing of value to which the principal is, may become, or claims to be, entitled by reason of an estate, trust, or beneficial interest, by litigation or otherwise. (c) Exercise for the benefit of the principal a presently exercisable general power of appointment held by the principal. (d) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to litigation to ascertain the meaning, validity, or effect of a deed, will, declaration of trust, or other instrument or transaction affecting the interest of the principal. (e) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to litigation to remove, substitute, or surcharge a fiduciary. (f) Conserve, invest, disburse, or use anything received for an authorized purpose. (g) Transfer an interest of the principal in real property, stocks and bonds, accounts with financial institutions or securities intermediaries, insurance, annuities, and other property to the trustee of a revocable trust created by the principal as settlor. (h) Sign a waiver or consent in a probate matter. (i) Reject, renounce, disclaim, release, or consent to a reduction in or modification of a share in or payment from an estate, trust, or beneficial interest.

244.52 Claims and litigation. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to claims and litigation authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Assert and maintain before a court or administrative agency a claim, claim for relief, cause of action, counterclaim, offset, recoupment, or defense, including an action to recover property or other thing of value, recover damages sustained by the principal, eliminate or modify tax liability, or seek an injunction, specific performance, or other relief. (2) Bring an action to determine adverse claims or intervene or otherwise participate in litigation. (3) Seek an attachment, garnishment, order of arrest, or other preliminary, provisional, or intermediate relief and use any available procedure to effect or satisfy a judgment, order, or decree. (4) Make or accept a tender, offer of judgment, or admission of facts, submit a controversy on an agreed statement of facts, consent to examination, and bind the principal in litigation. (5) Submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, and propose or accept a compromise. (6) Waive the issuance and service of process upon the principal, accept service of process, appear for the principal, designate persons upon which process directed to the principal may be served, execute and file or deliver stipulations on the principal's behalf, verify pleadings, seek appellate review, procure and give surety and indemnity bonds, contract and pay for the preparation and printing of records and briefs, receive, execute, and file or deliver a consent, waiver, release, confession of judgment, satisfaction of judgment, notice, agreement, or other instrument in connection with the prosecution, settlement, or defense of a claim or litigation. (7) Act for the principal with respect to bankruptcy or insolvency, whether voluntary or involuntary, concerning the principal or some other person, or with respect to a reorganization, receivership, or application for the appointment of a receiver or trustee which affects an interest of the principal in property or other thing of value. (8) Pay a judgment, award, or order against the principal or a settlement made in connection with a claim or litigation. (9) Receive money or other thing of value paid in settlement of or as proceeds of a claim or litigation.

244.53 Personal and family maintenance. (1) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to personal and family maintenance authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (a) Perform the acts necessary to maintain the customary standard of living of the principal, the principal's spouse or the principal's domestic partner, and the following individuals, whether living when the power of attorney is executed or later born: 1. The principal's children. 2. Other individuals legally entitled to be supported by the principal. 3. The individuals whom the principal has customarily supported or indicated the intent to support. (b) Make periodic payments of child support and other family maintenance required by a court or governmental agency or an agreement to which the principal is a party. (c) Provide living quarters for the individuals described in par. (a) by doing any of the following: 1. Purchasing, leasing, or entering into a contract. 2. Paying the operating costs, including interest, amortization payments, repairs, improvements, and taxes, for premises owned by the principal or occupied by those individuals. (d) Provide normal domestic help, usual vacations and travel expenses, and funds for shelter, clothing, food, appropriate education, including postsecondary and vocational education, and other current living costs for the individuals described in par. (a). (e) Pay expenses for necessary health care and custodial care on behalf of the individuals described in par. (a). (f) Act as the principal's personal representative under 42 USC 1320d, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and applicable regulations, in making decisions related to the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care consented to by the principal or anyone authorized under the law of this state to consent to health care on behalf of the principal. (g) Continue any provision made by the principal for motor vehicles or other means of transportation, including registering, licensing, insuring, and replacing the vehicles, for the individuals described in par. (a). (h) Maintain credit and debit accounts for the convenience of the individuals described in par. (a) and open new accounts. (i) Continue payments incidental to the membership or affiliation of the principal in a religious institution, club, society, order, or other organization or to continue contributions to those organizations. (2) Authority with respect to personal and family maintenance is neither dependent upon, nor limited by, authority that an agent may or may not have with respect to gifts under this chapter.

244.54 Benefits from governmental programs or civil or military service. (1) In this section, "benefits from governmental programs or civil or military service" means any benefit, program or assistance provided under a statute, rule, or regulation, including social security, medicare, and medicaid. (2) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to benefits from governmental programs or civil or military service authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (a) Execute vouchers in the name of the principal for allowances and reimbursements payable by the United States or a foreign government or by a state or subdivision of a state to the principal, including allowances and reimbursements for transportation of the individuals described in s. 244.53 (1) (a), and for shipment of their household effects. (b) Take possession and order the removal and shipment of property of the principal from a post, warehouse, depot, dock, or other place of storage or safekeeping, either governmental or private, and execute and deliver a release, voucher, receipt, bill of lading, shipping ticket, certificate, or other instrument for that purpose. (c) Enroll in, apply for, select, reject, change, amend, or discontinue, on the principal's behalf, a benefit or program. (d) Prepare, file, and maintain a claim of the principal for a benefit or assistance, financial or otherwise, to which the principal may be entitled under a statute, rule, or regulation. (e) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to litigation concerning any benefit or assistance the principal may be entitled to receive under a statute, rule, or regulation. (f) Receive the financial proceeds of a claim described in par. (d) and conserve, invest, disburse, or use for a lawful purpose anything so received.

244.55 Retirement plans. (1) In this section, "retirement plan" means a plan or account created by an employer, the principal, or another individual to provide retirement benefits or deferred compensation of which the principal is a participant, beneficiary, or owner, including the following plans or accounts: (a) An individual retirement account under section 408 of the Internal Revenue Code. (b) A Roth individual retirement account under section 408A of the Internal Revenue Code. (c) A deemed individual retirement account under section 408 (q) of the Internal Revenue Code. (d) An annuity or mutual fund custodial account under section 403 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code. (e) A pension, profit-sharing, stock bonus, or other retirement plan qualified under section 401 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code. (f) A plan under section 457 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code. (g) A nonqualified deferred compensation plan under section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. (2) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to retirement plans authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (a) Select the form and timing of payments under a retirement plan and withdraw benefits from a plan. (b) Make a rollover, including a direct trustee-to-trustee rollover, of benefits from one retirement plan to another. (c) Establish a retirement plan in the principal's name. (d) Make contributions to a retirement plan. (e) Exercise investment powers available under a retirement plan. (f) Borrow from, sell assets to, or purchase assets from a retirement plan.

244.56 Taxes. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to taxes authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (1) Prepare, sign, and file federal, state, local, and foreign income, gift, payroll, property, Federal Insurance Contributions Act, and other tax returns, claims for refunds, requests for extension of time, petitions regarding tax matters, and any other tax-related documents, including receipts, offers, waivers, consents, including consents and agreements under 2032A of the Internal Revenue Code, closing agreements, and any power of attorney required by the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authority with respect to a tax year upon which the statute of limitations has not run and the following 25 tax years. (2) Pay taxes due, collect refunds, post bonds, receive confidential information, and contest deficiencies determined by the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authority. (3) Exercise any election available to the principal under federal, state, local, or foreign tax law. (4) Act for the principal in all tax matters for all periods before the Internal Revenue Service, or other taxing authority.

244.57 Gifts. (1) In this section, a gift "for the benefit of" a person includes a gift to a trust, an account under ss. 54.854 to 54.898, and a tuition savings account or prepaid tuition plan as defined under section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code. (2) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to gifts authorizes the agent to do all of the following: (a) Make outright to, or for the benefit of, a person, a gift of any of the principal's property, including by the exercise of a presently exercisable general power of appointment held by the principal, in an amount per donee not to exceed the annual dollar limits of the federal gift tax exclusion under section 2503 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code, without regard to whether the federal gift tax exclusion applies to the gift, or if the principal's spouse agrees to consent to a split gift under section 2513 of the Internal Revenue Code, in an amount per donee not to exceed twice the annual federal gift tax exclusion limit. (b) Consent, under section 2513 of the Internal Revenue Code, to the splitting of a gift made by the principal's spouse in an amount per donee not to exceed the aggregate annual gift tax exclusions for both spouses. (c) Make a gift of the principal's property only as the agent determines is consistent with the principal's objectives if actually known by the agent and, if unknown, as the agent determines is consistent with the principal's best interest based on all relevant factors, including all of the following: 1. The value and nature of the principal's property. 2. The principal's foreseeable obligations and need for maintenance. 3. Minimization of taxes, including income, estate, inheritance, generation skipping transfer, and gift taxes. 4. Eligibility for a benefit, a program, or assistance under a statute, rule, or regulation. 5. The principal's personal history of making or joining in making gifts.

244.61 Statutory Form Power of Attorney for Finances and Property. A document substantially in the following form may be used to create a statutory form power of attorney that has the meaning and effect prescribed by this chapter. An appendix shall be attached to this form that includes the text of ss. 244.44 to 244.56. The appendix is for definitions only. The agent has powers only regarding the subjects initialed on the form. WISCONSIN STATUTORY FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCES AND PROPERTY IMPORTANT INFORMATION THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY AUTHORIZES ANOTHER PERSON (YOUR AGENT) TO MAKE DECISIONS CONCERNING YOUR PROPERTY FOR YOU (THE PRINCIPAL). YOUR AGENT WILL BE ABLE TO MAKE DECISIONS AND ACT WITH RESPECT TO YOUR PROPERTY (INCLUDING YOUR MONEY) WHETHER OR NOT YOU ARE ABLE TO ACT FOR YOURSELF. THE MEANING OF AUTHORITY OVER SUBJECTS LISTED ON THIS FORM IS EXPLAINED IN THE UNIFORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCES AND PROPERTY ACT IN CHAPTER 244 OF THE WISCONSIN STATUTES. THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY DOES NOT AUTHORIZE THE AGENT TO MAKE HEALTH-CARE DECISIONS FOR YOU. YOU SHOULD SELECT SOMEONE YOU TRUST TO SERVE AS YOUR AGENT. UNLESS YOU SPECIFY OTHERWISE, GENERALLY THE AGENT'S AUTHORITY WILL CONTINUE UNTIL YOU DIE OR REVOKE THE POWER OF ATTORNEY OR THE AGENT RESIGNS OR IS UNABLE TO ACT FOR YOU. YOUR AGENT IS ENTITLED TO REASONABLE COMPENSATION UNLESS YOU STATE OTHERWISE IN THE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS. THIS FORM PROVIDES FOR DESIGNATION OF ONE AGENT. IF YOU WISH TO NAME MORE THAN ONE AGENT YOU MAY NAME A COAGENT IN THE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS. COAGENTS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO ACT TOGETHER UNLESS YOU INCLUDE THAT REQUIREMENT IN THE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS. IF YOUR AGENT IS UNABLE OR UNWILLING TO ACT FOR YOU, YOUR POWER OF ATTORNEY WILL END UNLESS YOU HAVE NAMED A SUCCESSOR AGENT. YOU MAY ALSO NAME A 2ND SUCCESSOR AGENT. THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY BECOMES EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY UNLESS YOU STATE OTHERWISE IN THE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS. THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY DOES NOT REVOKE ANY POWER OF ATTORNEY EXECUTED PREVIOUSLY UNLESS YOU SO PROVIDE IN THE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS. IF YOU REVOKE THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY, YOU SHOULD NOTIFY YOUR AGENT AND ANY OTHER PERSON TO WHOM YOU HAVE GIVEN A COPY. IF YOUR AGENT IS YOUR SPOUSE OR DOMESTIC PARTNER AND YOUR MARRIAGE IS ANNULLED OR YOU ARE DIVORCED OR LEGALLY SEPARATED OR THE DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIP IS TERMINATED AFTER SIGNING THIS DOCUMENT, THE DOCUMENT IS INVALID. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE POWER OF ATTORNEY OR THE AUTHORITY YOU ARE GRANTING TO YOUR AGENT, YOU SHOULD SEEK LEGAL ADVICE BEFORE SIGNING THIS FORM. DESIGNATION OF AGENT I .... (name of principal) name the following person as my agent: Name of agent: .... Agent's address: .... Agent's telephone number: .... DESIGNATION OF SUCCESSOR AGENT(S) (OPTIONAL) If my agent is unable or unwilling to act for me, I name as my successor agent: Name of successor agent: .... Successor agent's address: .... Successor agent's telephone number: .... If my successor agent is unable or unwilling to act for me, I name as my 2nd successor agent: Name of 2nd successor agent: .... Second successor agent's address: .... Second successor agent's telephone number: .... GRANT OF GENERAL AUTHORITY I grant my agent and any successor agent general authority to act for me with respect to the following subjects as defined in the Uniform Power of Attorney for Finances and Property Act in chapter 244 of the Wisconsin statutes: INITIAL each subject you want to include in the agent's general authority. .... Real property .... Tangible personal property .... Stocks and bonds .... Commodities and options .... Banks and other financial institutions .... Operation of entity or business .... Insurance and annuities .... Estates, trusts, and other beneficial interests .... Claims and litigation .... Personal and family maintenance .... Benefits from governmental programs or civil or military service .... Retirement plans .... Taxes LIMITATION ON AGENT'S AUTHORITY An agent who is not my spouse or domestic partner MAY NOT use my property to benefit the agent or a person to whom the agent owes an obligation of support unless I have included that authority in the special instructions. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (OPTIONAL) You may give special instructions in the following space .... EFFECTIVE DATE This power of attorney is effective immediately unless I have stated otherwise in the special instructions. NOMINATION OF GUARDIAN (OPTIONAL) If it becomes necessary for a court to appoint a guardian of my estate or guardian of my person, I nominate the following person(s) for appointment: Name of nominee for guardian of my estate: .... Nominee's address: .... Nominee's telephone number: .... Name of nominee for guardian of my person: .... Nominee's address: .... Nominee's telephone number: .... RELIANCE ON THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCES AND PROPERTY Any person, including my agent, may rely upon the validity of this power of attorney or a copy of it unless that person knows that the power of attorney has been terminated or is invalid. SIGNATURE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT Your signature .... Date .... Your name printed .... Your address .... Your telephone number .... State of .... County of .... This document was acknowledged before me on .... (date), by .... (name of principal). (Seal, if any) Signature of notary .... My commission expires: .... This document prepared by: .... IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR AGENT AGENT'S DUTIES WHEN YOU ACCEPT THE AUTHORITY GRANTED UNDER THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY, A SPECIAL LEGAL RELATIONSHIP IS CREATED BETWEEN YOU AND THE PRINCIPAL. THIS RELATIONSHIP IMPOSES UPON YOU LEGAL DUTIES THAT CONTINUE UNTIL YOU RESIGN OR THE POWER OF ATTORNEY IS TERMINATED OR REVOKED. YOU MUST DO ALL OF THE FOLLOWING: (1) DO WHAT YOU KNOW THE PRINCIPAL REASONABLY EXPECTS YOU TO DO WITH THE PRINCIPAL'S PROPERTY OR, IF YOU DO NOT KNOW THE PRINCIPAL'S EXPECTATIONS, ACT IN THE PRINCIPAL'S BEST INTEREST. (2) ACT IN GOOD FAITH. (3) DO NOTHING BEYOND THE AUTHORITY GRANTED IN THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY. (4) DISCLOSE YOUR IDENTITY AS AN AGENT WHENEVER YOU ACT FOR THE PRINCIPAL BY WRITING OR PRINTING THE NAME OF THE PRINCIPAL AND SIGNING YOUR OWN NAME AS "AGENT" IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER: .... (principal's name) by .... (your signature) as agent UNLESS THE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY STATE OTHERWISE, YOU MUST ALSO DO ALL OF THE FOLLOWING: (1) ACT LOYALLY FOR THE PRINCIPAL'S BENEFIT. (2) AVOID CONFLICTS THAT WOULD IMPAIR YOUR ABILITY TO ACT IN THE PRINCIPAL'S BEST INTEREST. (3) ACT WITH CARE, COMPETENCE, AND DILIGENCE. (4) KEEP A RECORD OF ALL RECEIPTS, DISBURSEMENTS, AND TRANSACTIONS MADE ON BEHALF OF THE PRINCIPAL. (5) COOPERATE WITH ANY PERSON THAT HAS AUTHORITY TO MAKE HEALTH-CARE DECISIONS FOR THE PRINCIPAL TO DO WHAT YOU KNOW THE PRINCIPAL REASONABLY EXPECTS OR, IF YOU DO NOT KNOW THE PRINCIPAL'S EXPECTATIONS, TO ACT IN THE PRINCIPAL'S BEST INTEREST. (6) ATTEMPT TO PRESERVE THE PRINCIPAL'S ESTATE PLAN IF YOU KNOW THE PLAN AND PRESERVING THE PLAN IS CONSISTENT WITH THE PRINCIPAL'S BEST INTEREST. TERMINATION OF AGENT'S AUTHORITY YOU MUST STOP ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE PRINCIPAL IF YOU LEARN OF ANY EVENT THAT TERMINATES THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY OR YOUR AUTHORITY UNDER THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY. EVENTS THAT TERMINATE A POWER OF ATTORNEY OR YOUR AUTHORITY TO ACT UNDER A POWER OF ATTORNEY INCLUDE ALL OF THE FOLLOWING: (1) DEATH OF THE PRINCIPAL. (2) THE PRINCIPAL'S REVOCATION OF THE POWER OF ATTORNEY OR YOUR AUTHORITY. (3) THE OCCURRENCE OF A TERMINATION EVENT STATED IN THE POWER OF ATTORNEY. (4) THE PURPOSE OF THE POWER OF ATTORNEY IS FULLY ACCOMPLISHED. (5) IF YOU ARE MARRIED TO THE PRINCIPAL, A LEGAL ACTION IS FILED WITH A COURT TO END YOUR MARRIAGE, OR FOR YOUR LEGAL SEPARATION, UNLESS THE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY STATE THAT SUCH AN ACTION WILL NOT TERMINATE YOUR AUTHORITY. (6) IF YOU ARE THE PRINCIPAL'S DOMESTIC PARTNER AND YOUR DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIP IS TERMINATED, UNLESS THE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY STATE THAT SUCH AN ACTION WILL NOT TERMINATE YOUR AUTHORITY. LIABILITY OF AGENT THE MEANING OF THE AUTHORITY GRANTED TO YOU IS DEFINED IN THE UNIFORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCES AND PROPERTY ACT IN CHAPTER 244 OF THE WISCONSIN STATUTES. IF YOU VIOLATE THE UNIFORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCES AND PROPERTY ACT IN CHAPTER 244 OF THE WISCONSIN STATUTES OR ACT OUTSIDE THE AUTHORITY GRANTED, YOU MAY BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES CAUSED BY YOUR VIOLATION. IF THERE IS ANYTHING ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT OR YOUR DUTIES THAT YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND, YOU SHOULD SEEK LEGAL ADVICE. OPTIONAL SIGNATURE OF AGENT I HAVE READ AND ACCEPT THE DUTIES AND LIABILITIES OF THE AGENT AS SPECIFIED IN THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY. Agent's signature .... Date .... (APPENDIX FOLLOWS)

244.62 Agent's certification. The following optional form may be used by an agent to certify facts concerning a power of attorney for finances and property: AGENT'S CERTIFICATION AS TO THE VALIDITY OF POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR FINANCES AND PROPERTY AND AGENT'S AUTHORITY State of .... County of .... I, .... (name of agent), certify under penalty of perjury that .... (name of principal) granted me authority as an agent or successor agent in a power of attorney dated ..... I further certify that to my knowledge: (1) The principal is alive and has not revoked the power of attorney or my authority to act under the power of attorney, and the power of attorney and my authority to act under the power of attorney have not terminated. (2) If the power of attorney was drafted to become effective upon the happening of an event or contingency, the event or contingency has occurred. (3) If I was named as a successor agent, the prior agent is no longer able or willing to serve. (4) .... (insert other relevant statements). SIGNATURE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT Agent's signature .... Date .... Agent's name printed .... Agent's address .... Agent's telephone number .... This document was acknowledged before me on .... (date), by .... (name of agent). (Seal, if any) Signature of notary .... My commission expires: .... This document prepared by: ....

244.63 Distribution of forms. The department of health services shall prepare and provide copies of the Wisconsin statutory form power of attorney for finances and property for distribution in quantities to financial institutions, health care professionals, hospitals, nursing homes, multipurpose senior centers, county clerks and local bar associations and individually to private persons. The department of health services may charge a reasonable fee for the cost of preparation and distribution of the forms.

244.64 Relation to power of attorney for health care. The execution of a Wisconsin statutory form power of attorney for finances and property under this chapter does not confer on the agent any of the powers or duties conferred on a health care agent by the power of attorney for health care under ch. 155.

Chapters 401-411 Uniform Commercial Code

SUBCHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS 401.101 Short titles. (1) Chapters 401 to 411 may be cited as the uniform commercial code. (2) This chapter may be cited as uniform commercial code — general provisions.

401.102 Scope of chapter. This chapter applies to a transaction to the extent that it is governed by another chapter in chs. 402 to 411.

401.103 Construction of uniform commercial code to promote its purposes and policies; applicability of supplemental principles of law. (1) Chapters 401 to 411 must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are all of the following: (a) To simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial transactions. (b) To permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties. (c) To make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions. (2) Unless displaced by the particular provisions of chs. 401 to 411, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, or other validating or invalidating cause shall supplement its provisions.

401.104 Construction against implied repeal. Chapters 401 to 411 being a general act intended as a unified coverage of its subject matter, no part of it shall be deemed to be impliedly repealed by subsequent legislation if such construction can reasonably be avoided.

401.106 Use of singular and plural; gender. In chs. 401 to 411, unless the statutory context otherwise requires, all of the following apply: (1) Words in the singular number include the plural, and those in the plural include the singular. (2) Words of any gender also refer to any other gender.

401.107 Captions. Section captions are part of chs. 401 to 411, notwithstanding s. 990.001 (6).

SUBCHAPTER II GENERAL DEFINITIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION 401.201 General definitions. (1) Unless the context otherwise requires, words or phrases defined in this section, or in the additional definitions contained in chs. 402 to 411 that apply to particular chapters or subchapters thereof, have the meanings stated. (2) Subject to definitions contained in chs. 402 to 411 that apply to particular chapters or subchapters thereof, in chs. 401 to 411: (a) "Action," in the sense of a judicial proceeding, includes recoupment, counterclaim, setoff, suit in equity, and any other proceeding in which rights are determined. (am) "Aggrieved party" means a party entitled to pursue a remedy. (b) "Agreement" means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances, including course of performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade as provided in s. 401.303. (Compare "Contract.") (c) "Bank" means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. (cm) "Bearer" means a person in control of a negotiable electronic document of title or person in possession of an instrument, negotiable tangible document of title, or certificated security payable to bearer or endorsed in blank. (d) "Bill of lading" means a document of title evidencing the receipt of goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the business of directly or indirectly transporting or forwarding goods. The term does not include a warehouse receipt. (dm) "Branch" includes a separately incorporated foreign branch of a bank. (e) "Burden of establishing" a fact means the burden of persuading the trier of fact that the existence of the fact is more probable than its nonexistence. (em) "Buyer in ordinary course of business" means a person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in the ordinary course from a person, other than a pawnbroker, in the business of selling goods of that kind. A person buys goods in the ordinary course if the sale to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the seller is engaged or with the seller's own usual or customary practices. A person that sells oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead is a person in the business of selling goods of that kind. A buyer in ordinary course of business may buy for cash, by exchange of other property, or on secured or unsecured credit, and may acquire goods or documents of title under a preexisting contract for sale. Only a buyer that takes possession of the goods or has a right to recover the goods from the seller under ch. 402 may be a buyer in ordinary course of business. A person that acquires goods in a transfer in bulk or as security for or in total or partial satisfaction of a money debt is not a buyer in ordinary course of business. (f) "Conspicuous," with reference to a term, means so written, displayed, or presented that a reasonable person against which it is to operate ought to have noticed it. Whether a term is "conspicuous" or not is a decision for the court. Conspicuous terms include any of the following: 1. A heading in capitals equal to or greater in size than the surrounding text, or in contrasting type, font, or color to the surrounding text of the same or lesser size. 2. Language in the body of a record or display in larger type than the surrounding text, or in contrasting type, font, or color to the surrounding text of the same size, or set off from surrounding text of the same size by symbols or other marks that call attention to the language. (fm) "Consumer" means an individual who enters into a transaction primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. (g) "Contract" means the total legal obligation that results from the parties' agreement as determined by chs. 401 to 411 as supplemented by any other applicable laws. (Compare "Agreement.") (gm) "Creditor" includes a general creditor, a secured creditor, a lien creditor, and any representative of creditors, including an assignee for the benefit of creditors, a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver in equity, and an executor or administrator of an insolvent debtor's or assignor's estate. (h) "Defendant" includes a person in the position of defendant in a counterclaim or 3rd party claim. (hm) "Delivery" with respect to electronic documents of title means voluntary transfer of control and with respect to instruments, tangible documents of title, chattel paper, or certificated securities means voluntary transfer of possession. (i) "Document of title" means a record that in the regular course of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing that the person in possession or control of the record is entitled to receive, control, hold, and dispose of the record and the goods the record covers; and that purports to be issued by or addressed to a bailee and to cover goods in the bailee's possession which are either identified or are fungible portions of an identified mass. The term includes a bill of lading, transport document, dock warrant, dock receipt, warehouse receipt, and order for delivery of goods. An electronic document of title is evidenced by a record consisting of information stored in an electronic medium. A tangible document of title is evidenced by a record consisting of information that is inscribed on a tangible medium. (im) "Fault" means a wrongful act, omission, breach, or default. (j) "Fungible goods" means any of the following: 1. Goods of which any unit, by nature or usage of trade, is the equivalent of any other like unit. 2. Goods which by agreement are treated as equivalent. (jm) "Genuine" means free of forgery or counterfeiting. (k) "Good faith" means honesty in fact in the conduct or transaction concerned. (km) "Holder" means any of the following: 1. The person in possession of a negotiable instrument that is payable either to bearer or to an identified person that is the person in possession. 2. A person in possession of a document of title if the goods are deliverable either to bearer or to the order of the person in possession. 3. A person in control of a negotiable electronic document of title. (L) "Insolvency proceeding" includes an assignment for the benefit of creditors or other proceeding intended to liquidate or rehabilitate the estate of the person involved. (Lm) "Insolvent" means any of the following: 1. Having generally ceased to pay debts in the ordinary course of business other than as a result of bona fide dispute. 2. Unable to pay debts as they become due. 3. Insolvent within the meaning of federal bankruptcy law. (m) "Money" means a medium of exchange currently authorized or adopted by a domestic or foreign government. The term includes a monetary unit of account established by an intergovernmental organization or by agreement between 2 or more countries. (mm) "Organization" means a person other than an individual. (n) "Party," as distinct from a "3rd party," means a person that has engaged in a transaction or made an agreement subject to chs. 401 to 411. (nm) "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. (p) "Present value" means the amount as of a date certain of one or more sums payable in the future, discounted to the date certain by use of either an interest rate specified by the parties if that rate is not manifestly unreasonable at the time the transaction is entered into or, if an interest rate is not so specified, a commercially reasonable rate that takes into account the facts and circumstances at the time the transaction is entered into. (pm) "Presumption" or "presumed" means that the trier of fact must find the existence of the fact presumed unless and until evidence is introduced which would support a finding of its nonexistence. (q) "Purchase" means taking by sale, lease, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, issue or reissue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property. (qm) "Purchaser" means a person that takes by purchase. (r) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. (rm) "Remedy" means any remedial right to which an aggrieved party is entitled with or without resort to a tribunal. (s) "Representative" means any person empowered to act for another, including an agent, an officer of a corporation or association, and a trustee, executor, or administrator of an estate. (sm) "Right" includes remedy. (t) "Security interest" means an interest in personal property or fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation. The term also includes any interest of a consignor and a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, a payment intangible, or a promissory note in a transaction that is subject to ch. 409. The special property interest of a buyer of goods on identification of those goods to a contract for sale under s. 402.401 is not a "security interest," but a buyer may also acquire a "security interest" by complying with ch. 409. Except as otherwise provided in s. 402.505, the right of a seller or lessor of goods under ch. 402 or 411 to retain or acquire possession of the goods is not a "security interest," but a seller or lessor may also acquire a "security interest" by complying with ch. 409. The retention or reservation of title by a seller of goods notwithstanding shipment or delivery to the buyer (s. 402.401) is limited in effect to a reservation of a "security interest." Whether a transaction in the form of a lease creates a "security interest" is determined pursuant to s. 401.203. (tm) "Send" in connection with a writing, record, or notice means any of the following: 1. To deposit in the mail or deliver for transmission by any other usual means of communication with postage or cost of transmission provided for and properly addressed and, in the case of an instrument, to an address specified thereon or otherwise agreed, or if there be none to any address reasonable under the circumstances. 2. In any other way to cause to be received any record or notice within the time it would have arrived if properly sent. (u) "Signed" includes any symbol executed or adopted with present intention to adopt or accept a writing. (um) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (v) "Surety" includes a guarantor or other secondary obligor. (vm) "Term" means a portion of an agreement that relates to a particular matter. (w) "Unauthorized signature" means a signature made without actual, implied, or apparent authority. The term includes a forgery. (wm) "Warehouse receipt" means a receipt issued by a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. (x) "Writing" includes printing, typewriting, or any other intentional reduction to tangible form. "Written" has a corresponding meaning.

401.202 Notice; knowledge. (1) Subject to sub. (6), a person has "notice" of a fact if the person satisfies any of the following: (a) Has actual knowledge of it. (b) Has received a notice or notification of it. (c) From all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know that it exists. (2) "Knowledge" means actual knowledge. (3) "Discover," "learn," or words of similar import refer to knowledge rather than to notice. (4) A person "notifies" or "gives" a notice or notification to another by taking such steps as may be reasonably required to inform the other in ordinary course, whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it. (5) Subject to sub. (6), a person "receives" a notice or notification when any of the following apply: (a) It comes to that person's attention. (b) It is duly delivered in a form reasonable under the circumstances at the place of business through which the contract was made or at another location held out by that person as the place for receipt of such communications. (6) Notice, knowledge, or a notice or notification received by an organization is effective for a particular transaction from the time it is brought to the attention of the individual conducting that transaction and, in any event, from the time it would have been brought to the individual's attention if the organization had exercised due diligence. An organization exercises due diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the person conducting the transaction and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Due diligence does not require an individual acting for the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual's regular duties or the individual has reason to know of the transaction and that the transaction would be materially affected by the information.

401.203 Lease distinguished from security interest. (1) Whether a transaction in the form of a lease creates a lease or security interest is determined by the facts of each case. (2) A transaction in the form of a lease creates a security interest if the consideration that the lessee is to pay the lessor for the right to possession and use of the goods is an obligation for the term of the lease and is not subject to termination by the lessee, and if any of the following apply: (a) The original term of the lease is equal to or greater than the remaining economic life of the goods. (b) The lessee is bound to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods or is bound to become the owner of the goods. (c) The lessee has an option to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods for no additional consideration or for nominal additional consideration upon compliance with the lease agreement. (d) The lessee has an option to become the owner of the goods for no additional consideration or for nominal additional consideration upon compliance with the lease agreement. (3) A transaction in the form of a lease does not create a security interest merely because of any of the following: (a) The present value of the consideration the lessee is obligated to pay the lessor for the right to possession and use of the goods is substantially equal to or is greater than the fair market value of the goods at the time the lease is entered into. (b) The lessee assumes risk of loss of the goods. (c) The lessee agrees to pay taxes, insurance, filing, recording, or registration fees, or service or maintenance costs with respect to the goods. (d) The lessee has an option to renew the lease or to become the owner of the goods. (e) The lessee has an option to renew the lease for a fixed rent that is equal to or greater than the reasonably predictable fair market rent for the use of the goods for the term of the renewal at the time the option is to be performed. (f) The lessee has an option to become the owner of the goods for a fixed price that is equal to or greater than the reasonably predictable fair market value of the goods at the time the option is to be performed. (4) Additional consideration is nominal if it is less than the lessee's reasonably predictable cost of performing under the lease agreement if the option is not exercised. Additional consideration is not nominal if any of the following apply: (a) When the option to renew the lease is granted to the lessee, the rent is stated to be the fair market rent for the use of the goods for the term of the renewal determined at the time the option is to be performed. (b) When the option to become the owner of the goods is granted to the lessee, the price is stated to be the fair market value of the goods determined at the time the option is to be performed. (5) The "remaining economic life of the goods" and "reasonably predictable" fair market rent, fair market value, or cost of performing under the lease agreement must be determined with reference to the facts and circumstances at the time the transaction is entered into.

401.204 Value. Except as otherwise provided in chs. 403, 404, and 405, a person gives value for rights if the person acquires them under any of the following circumstances: (1) In return for a binding commitment to extend credit or for the extension of immediately available credit, whether or not drawn upon and whether or not a charge-back is provided for in the event of difficulties in collection. (2) As security for, or in total or partial satisfaction of, a preexisting claim. (3) By accepting delivery under a preexisting contract for purchase. (4) In return for any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract.

401.205 Reasonable time; seasonableness. (1) Whether a time for taking an action required by chs. 401 to 411 is reasonable depends on the nature, purpose, and circumstances of the action. (2) An action is taken seasonably if it is taken at or within the time agreed or, if no time is agreed, at or within a reasonable time.

SUBCHAPTER III TERRITORIAL APPLICABILITY AND GENERAL RULES 401.301 Territorial applicability; parties' power to choose applicable law. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, when a transaction bears a reasonable relation to this state and to another state or nation the parties may agree that the law either of this state or of such other state or nation shall govern their rights and duties. (2) In the absence of an agreement under sub. (1), and except as provided in sub. (3), chs. 401 to 411 apply to transactions bearing an appropriate relation to this state. (3) If one of the following provisions of chs. 401 to 411 specifies the applicable law, that provision governs and a contrary agreement is effective only to the extent permitted by the law so specified: (a) Section 402.402. (b) Sections 411.105 and 411.106. (c) Section 404.102. (d) Section 410.507. (e) Section 405.116. (g) Section 408.110. (h) Sections 409.301 through 409.307.

401.302 Variation by agreement. (1) Except as otherwise provided in sub. (2) or elsewhere in chs. 401 to 411, the effect of provisions of chs. 401 to 411 may be varied by agreement. (2) The obligations of good faith, diligence, reasonableness, and care prescribed by chs. 401 to 411 may not be disclaimed by agreement. The parties, by agreement, may determine the standards by which the performance of those obligations is to be measured if those standards are not manifestly unreasonable. Whenever chs. 401 to 411 require any action to be taken within a reasonable time, any time which is not manifestly unreasonable may be fixed by agreement. (3) The presence in certain provisions of chs. 401 to 411 of the phrase "unless otherwise agreed," or words of similar import, does not imply that the effect of other provisions may not be varied by agreement under this section.

401.303 Course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade. (1) A "course of performance" is a sequence of conduct between the parties to a particular transaction that exists if any of the following apply: (a) The agreement of the parties with respect to the transaction involves repeated occasions for performance by a party. (b) The other party, with knowledge of the nature of the performance and opportunity for objection to it, accepts the performance or acquiesces in it without objection. (2) A "course of dealing" is a sequence of conduct concerning previous transactions between the parties to a particular transaction that is fairly to be regarded as establishing a common basis of understanding for interpreting their expressions and other conduct. (3) A "usage of trade" is any practice or method of dealing having such regularity of observance in a place, vocation, or trade as to justify an expectation that it will be observed with respect to the transaction in question. The existence and scope of such a usage are to be proved as facts. If it is established that such a usage is embodied in a trade code or similar record, the interpretation of the record is a question of law. (4) A course of performance or course of dealing between the parties or usage of trade in the vocation or trade in which they are engaged or of which they are or should be aware is relevant in ascertaining the meaning of the parties' agreement, may give particular meaning to specific terms of the agreement, and may supplement or qualify the terms of the agreement. A usage of trade applicable in the place in which part of the performance under the agreement is to occur may be so utilized as to that part of the performance. (5) Except as otherwise provided in sub. (6), the express terms of an agreement and any applicable course of performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade must be construed whenever reasonable as consistent with each other. If such a construction is unreasonable, all of the following apply: (a) Express terms prevail over course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade. (b) Course of performance prevails over course of dealing and usage of trade. (c) Course of dealing prevails over usage of trade. (6) Subject to s. 402.209, a course of performance is relevant to show a waiver or modification of any term inconsistent with the course of performance. (7) Evidence of a relevant usage of trade offered by one party is not admissible unless that party has given the other party notice that the court finds sufficient to prevent unfair surprise to the other party.

401.304 Obligation of good faith. Every contract or duty within chs. 401 to 411 imposes an obligation of good faith in its performance and enforcement.

401.305 Remedies to be liberally administered. (1) The remedies provided by chs. 401 to 411 must be liberally administered to the end that the aggrieved party may be put in as good a position as if the other party had fully performed but neither consequential or special damages nor penal damages may be had except as specifically provided in chs. 401 to 411 or by other rule of law. (2) Any right or obligation declared by chs. 401 to 411 is enforceable by action unless the provision declaring it specifies a different and limited effect.

401.306 Waiver or renunciation of claim or right after breach. A claim or right arising out of an alleged breach may be discharged in whole or in part without consideration by agreement of the aggrieved party in an authenticated record.

401.307 Prima facie evidence by 3rd-party documents. A document in due form purporting to be a bill of lading, policy or certificate of insurance, official weigher's or inspector's certificate, consular invoice, or any other document authorized or required by the contract to be issued by a 3rd party shall be prima facie evidence of its own authenticity and genuineness and of the facts stated in the document by the 3rd party.

401.308 Performance or acceptance under reservation of rights. (1) A party that with explicit reservation of rights performs or promises performance or assents to performance in a manner demanded or offered by the other party does not thereby prejudice the rights reserved. Such words as "without prejudice," "under protest," or the like are sufficient. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to an accord and satisfaction.

401.309 Option to accelerate at will. A term providing that one party or that party's successor in interest may accelerate payment or performance or require collateral or additional collateral "at will" or when the party "deems itself insecure," or words of similar import, means that the party has power to do so only if that party in good faith believes that the prospect of payment or performance is impaired. The burden of establishing lack of good faith is on the party against which the power has been exercised.

401.310 Subordinated obligations. An obligation may be issued as subordinated to performance of another obligation of the person obligated, or a creditor may subordinate its right to performance of an obligation by agreement with either the person obligated or another creditor of the person obligated. Subordination does not create a security interest as against either the common debtor or a subordinated creditor.

Chapters 421-429 Wisconsin Consumer Act

Chapters 700-710 Property

Chapters 939-951 Criminal Code

Chapter 961 Controlled Substances

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Law:Civil and Criminal Codes of the State of Wisconsin

Contents

Chapters 240-243 Fraudulent Conveyances and Contracts

Chapters 401-411 Uniform Commercial Code

Chapters 421-429 Wisconsin Consumer Act

Chapters 700-710 Property

Chapters 939-951 Criminal Code

Chapter 961 Controlled Substances

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Law:Civil and Criminal Codes of the State of Wisconsin

Chapters 240-243 Fraudulent Conveyances and Contracts

Chapters 401-411 Uniform Commercial Code

Chapters 421-429 Wisconsin Consumer Act

Chapters 700-710 Property

Chapters 939-951 Criminal Code

Chapter 961 Controlled Substances

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