Help:IPA for Talossan: Difference between revisions

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There are three ways to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet on [[TalossaWiki]]:
In order to precisely indicate how a written phoneme should be pronounced, the '''International Phonetic Alphabet''' is often helpful.  For more information about the IPA in general, please see the [[wikipedia:IPA|article at Wikipedia]].


==Templates==
There are three ways to represent the IPA on [[TalossaWiki]].
===[[Template:IPA]]===
===[[Template:IPA]]===
This template classifies the enclosed text as "IPA" text, so that other templates or people's personal CSS adjustments can make appropriate changes to its display.  Example: <nowiki>{{IPA|lɛˈd͡ʒaʒ}}</nowiki> displays as: {{IPA|lɛˈd͡ʒaʒ}}
This template classifies the enclosed text as "IPA" text, so that other templates or people's personal CSS adjustments can make appropriate changes to its display.  Example: <nowiki>{{IPA|lɛˈd͡ʒaʒ}}</nowiki> displays as: {{IPA|lɛˈd͡ʒaʒ}}
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===[[Template:IPA-t]]===
===[[Template:IPA-t]]===
This template breaks up IPA symbols into separate phonemes, with a pronunciation guide available on mouseover. <nowiki>{{IPA-all|l|E|ˈ|J|a|Z|lexhatx.ogg}}</nowiki> displays as: {{IPA-all|l|ɛ|ˈ|d͡ʒ|a|ʒ|pron|audio=Lexhatx.ogg}}
This template breaks up IPA symbols into separate phonemes, with a pronunciation guide available on mouseover. <nowiki>{{IPA-t|pron|audio=Lexhatx.ogg|l|ɛ|ˈ|dZ|a:|ʒ}</nowiki> displays as: {{IPA-t|pron|audio=Lexhatx.ogg|l|ɛ|ˈ|dZ|a:|ʒ}}
 
==Sounds of Talossan==
The Talossan language uses a specific subset of sounds, as represented in IPA.  These sounds are indicated below, in the standard IPA format.
 
===Consonants===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! &nbsp;
!bilabial
!labio-<br />dental
!dental
!alveolar
!post-<br />alveolar
!palatal
!labio-velar
!velar
!glottal
|-
|'''plosive'''
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|p&nbsp;&nbsp;b}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|t&nbsp;&nbsp;d}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|k&nbsp;&nbsp;ɡ}}
| &nbsp;
|-
|'''nasal'''
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|m}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|n}}
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|ɲ}}
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|ŋ}}
| &nbsp;
|-
|'''fricative'''
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|f&nbsp;&nbsp;v}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|θ&nbsp;&nbsp;ð}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|s&nbsp;&nbsp;z}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|ʃ&nbsp;&nbsp;ʒ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|x&nbsp;&nbsp;ɣ}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|h}}
|-
|'''affricate'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|tʃ&nbsp;&nbsp;dʒ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|'''approximant'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|ɾ}}
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|j}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|w}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|'''lateral approximant'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|ɬ&nbsp;&nbsp;l}}
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|ʎ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}
 
===Vowels===
{| class="IPA" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; background:none;"
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
|style="padding-bottom:3px;"| &nbsp;
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Front'''
| style="width: 60px; word-spacing: -.3em;" | '''Near- front'''
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Central'''
| style="width: 60px;word-spacing: -.3em;" | '''Near- back'''
| style="width: 60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Close'''
| style="height: 210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position: relative;">[[File:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px|link=]]<div style="background:none; position:absolute; top:0; left:0;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:none;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:none; font-size:120%;"|
 
<!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 5%; width: 2.3em; top: 2%; background: white;">
i{{·}}y</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 46%; width: 1em; top: 2%; background: white;">ɨ</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 85%; width: 3em; top: 2%; background: none;">
u</div>
 
<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 28%; width: 2.33em; top: 16%; background: white;">
ɪ&nbsp;&nbsp;</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 46%; width: 4em; top: 24%; background: none;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 74%; width: 1em; top: 16%; background: white;">
&nbsp;</div>
 
<!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 16%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;">
e{{·}}ø</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: none;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 86%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: none;">
o</div>
 
<!-- MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; width: 1em; top: 44%; background: white;">
ə</div>
 
<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 30%; width: 3em; top: 58%; background: white;">
ɛ{{·}}œ</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; width: 2.7em; top: 58%; background: none;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 86%; width: 2.7em; top: 58%; background: none;">ɔ</div>
 
<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 37%; width: 1.3em; top: 73%;">
æ</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 64%; width: 1em; top: 73%; background: none;">&nbsp;</div>
 
<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 44%; width: 3em; top: 86%; background: none;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 68%; width: 1em; top: 86%; background: white;">
a</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 84%; width: 1em; top: 86%; background: white;">
ɑ</div>
|}
</div></div>
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;'''Near-close'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Close-mid'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Mid'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Open-mid'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Near-open'''
|-
| style="height: 30px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;" | '''Open'''
|}
<div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0.33em">''Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.<br/>Speakers who prefer a later pronunciation merge the rounded vowels with the unrounded one.''</div>


==Key==
==Key==
Phonemes in Talossan words are pronounced roughly as follows.
''Note: The IPA stress mark ({{IPA|ˈ}}) comes ''before'' the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States.''
''Note: The IPA stress mark ({{IPA|ˈ}}) comes ''before'' the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States.''


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| valign="top" |  
| valign="top" |  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:90%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:90%;"
! colspan="2"| [[Consonant]]s
! colspan="2"| Consonants
|-
|-
! style="width:3em;" | IPA !! Examples
! style="width:3em;" | IPA !! Examples
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| align=left|'''ph'''i, ca'''ff''', '''f'''an
| align=left|'''ph'''i, ca'''ff''', '''f'''an
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɡ}}</big> ({{IPA|ɡ}})<ref>If the two characters {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɡ}}}} and {{angle bracket|{{IPA|[[File:Opentail g.svg|6px]]}}}} do not match and if the first looks like a {{angle bracket|{{IPA|γ}}}}, then you have an issue with your default font. See [[WP:IPA#Rendering issues|Rendering issues]].</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|ɡ}}</big> ({{IPA|ɡ}})
| align=left|'''g'''uy, ba'''g'''
| align=left|'''g'''uy, ba'''g'''
|-
|-
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| align=left|'''h'''igh, a'''h'''ead
| align=left|'''h'''igh, a'''h'''ead
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|j}}</big><ref>The IPA value of the letter {{angle bracket|{{IPA|j}}}} is counter-intuitive to many English speakers. However, it does occur with this sound in a few English words, such as [[hallelujah]] and [[Jägermeister]].</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|j}}</big>
| align=left|'''y'''es, '''y'''acht
| align=left|'''y'''es, '''y'''acht
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|l}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|l}}</big>
| align=left|{{Not a typo|'''l'''ie, s'''l'''y, ga'''l'''}}
| align=left|'''l'''ie, s'''l'''y, ga'''l'''
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|m}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|m}}</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|p}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|p}}</big>
| align=left|{{Not a typo|'''p'''ie, s'''p'''y, ca'''p'''}}
| align=left|'''p'''ie, s'''p'''y, ca'''p'''
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|r}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|r}}</big>
| align=left|'''r'''ye, t'''r'''y, ve'''r'''y<ref>Although the IPA symbol {{IPA|[r]}} represents a [[alveolar trill|trill]], {{IPA|/r/}} is widely used instead of {{IPA|/ɹ/}} in broad transcriptions of English.</ref>
| align=left|'''r'''ye, t'''r'''y, ve'''r'''y
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|s}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|s}}</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|t}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|t}}</big>
| align=left|{{Not a typo|'''t'''ie, s'''t'''y, ca'''t''', a'''t'''om}}
| align=left|'''t'''ie, s'''t'''y, ca'''t''', a'''t'''om
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|tʃ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|tʃ}}</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|v}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|v}}</big>
| align=left|{{Not a typo|'''v'''ie, ha'''ve'''}}
| align=left|'''v'''ie, ha'''ve'''
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|w}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|w}}</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|hw}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|hw}}</big>
| align=left|'''wh'''y<ref>The phoneme {{IPA|/hw/}} is not distinguished from {{IPA|/w/}} in the many dialects with the [[Phonological history of wh#Wine–whine merger|wine–whine merger]], such as RP and most varieties of GenAm. For more information on this sound, see [[voiceless labio-velar approximant]].</ref>
| align=left|'''wh'''y
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|z}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|z}}</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big>
| align=left|equa'''ti'''on, plea'''s'''ure, vi'''si'''on, bei'''g'''e<ref>A number of English words, such as ''genre'' and ''garage'', are pronounced with either {{IPA|/ʒ/}} or {{IPA|/dʒ/}}.</ref>
| align=left|equa'''ti'''on, plea'''s'''ure, vi'''si'''on, bei'''g'''e
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Marginal consonants
! colspan="2" | Marginal consonants
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|x}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|x}}</big>
| align=left|u'''gh''', lo'''ch''', '''Ch'''anukah<ref>In most dialects, {{IPA|/x/}} is replaced by {{IPA|/k/}} in most words, including ''loch''. In ''ugh'', however, it is often replaced by {{IPA|/ɡ/}} (a [[spelling pronunciation]]), and in ''Chanukah'' by {{IPA|/h/}}</ref>
| align=left|u'''gh''', lo'''ch''', '''Ch'''anukah
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ʔ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|ʔ}}</big>
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| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4"| [[Vowel]]s
! colspan="4"| Vowels
|-
|-
! IPA !! Full vowels  !! colspan="2" | ... followed by R
! IPA !! Full vowels  !! colspan="2" | ... followed by R
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| rowspan="2" align=left|{{sc|ch'''oi'''ce}}, v'''oi'''d, f'''oi'''l, c'''oi'''n, b'''oy'''
| rowspan="2" align=left|{{sc|ch'''oi'''ce}}, v'''oi'''d, f'''oi'''l, c'''oi'''n, b'''oy'''
|<big> {{IPA|ɔɪər}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ɔɪər}}</big>
| align=left|[[wiktionary:loir|l'''oir''']] ({{IPA|/ɔɪr./}})
| align=left|l'''oir''' ({{IPA|/ɔɪr./}})
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɔɪ.ər}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ɔɪ.ər}}</big>
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|-
|-
|rowspan="2" |<big>{{IPA|oʊ}}</big>
|rowspan="2" |<big>{{IPA|oʊ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" align=left|{{sc|g'''oa'''t}}, c'''o'''de, f'''oa'''l, b'''o'''ne, g'''o'''<ref>Commonly transcribed {{IPA|/əʊ/}} or {{IPA|/oː/}}.</ref>
| rowspan="2" align=left|{{sc|g'''oa'''t}}, c'''o'''de, f'''oa'''l, b'''o'''ne, g'''o'''
|<big> {{IPA|ɔər}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ɔər}}</big>
| align=left|{{sc|f'''or'''ce}}, m'''ore''', b'''oar''', '''or'''al ({{IPA|/oʊr./}})
| align=left|{{sc|f'''or'''ce}}, m'''ore''', b'''oar''', '''or'''al ({{IPA|/oʊr./}})
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| align=left|c'''ure'''
| align=left|c'''ure'''
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|juː.ər}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|uː.ər}}</big>
| align=left|s'''ewer'''
| align=left|s'''ewer'''
|-
|-
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| align=left|{{sc|n'''ur'''se}}, w'''or'''d, g'''ir'''l, f'''er'''n, f'''urr'''y  
| align=left|{{sc|n'''ur'''se}}, w'''or'''d, g'''ir'''l, f'''er'''n, f'''urr'''y  
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Vowel reduction in English|Reduced vowels]]
! colspan="4" | Reduced vowels
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
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| colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
| colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]
! colspan="2" | Stress
! colspan="2" | [[Syllabification]]
! colspan="2" | Syllabification
|-
|-
! IPA !! Examples
! IPA !! Examples
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|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big>
| align=left rowspan="2" | {{nowrap|'''in'''to'''na'''tion {{IPA|/ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/}},
| align=left rowspan="2" | {{nowrap|'''in'''to'''na'''tion}} {{IPA|/ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/}},
| rowspan="2" |<big>{{IPA|.}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |<big>{{IPA|.}}</big>
| rowspan="2" align=left|moai {{IPA|/ˈmoʊ.aɪ/}}, Windhoek {{IPA|/ˈvɪnt.hʊk/}}<br>Vancouveria {{IPA|/væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/}}<br>Mikey {{IPA|/ˈmaɪki/}}, [[Myki]] {{IPA|/ˈmaɪ.kiː/}}
| rowspan="2" align=left|moai {{IPA|/ˈmoʊ.aɪ/}}, Windhoek {{IPA|/ˈvɪnt.hʊk/}}<br>Vancouveria {{IPA|/væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/}}<br>Mikey {{IPA|/ˈmaɪki/}}, Myki {{IPA|/ˈmaɪ.kiː/}}
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ˌ}}
|<big>{{IPA|ˌ}}
|}
|}
|}
|}
==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:IPA]][[Category:Help]]
[[Category:IPA]][[Category:Help]]

Latest revision as of 13:47, 10 September 2014

In order to precisely indicate how a written phoneme should be pronounced, the International Phonetic Alphabet is often helpful. For more information about the IPA in general, please see the article at Wikipedia.

Templates

There are three ways to represent the IPA on TalossaWiki.

Template:IPA

This template classifies the enclosed text as "IPA" text, so that other templates or people's personal CSS adjustments can make appropriate changes to its display. Example: {{IPA|lɛˈd͡ʒaʒ}} displays as: lɛˈd͡ʒaʒ

Template:IPA-all

This template takes any IPA transcription and presents it in a standardized and appealing format, with choices of lede and the possibility of including an audio recording. {{IPA-all|lɛˈd͡ʒaʒ|pron|lexhatx.ogg}} displays as: pronounced [lɛˈd͡ʒaʒ] ( listen)

Template:IPA-t

This template breaks up IPA symbols into separate phonemes, with a pronunciation guide available on mouseover. {{IPA-t|pron|audio=Lexhatx.ogg|l|ɛ|ˈ|dZ|a:|ʒ} displays as: pronounced: Listeni/lɛˈdʒɑːʒ/

Sounds of Talossan

The Talossan language uses a specific subset of sounds, as represented in IPA. These sounds are indicated below, in the standard IPA format.

Consonants

  bilabial labio-
dental 		dental alveolar post-
alveolar 		palatal labio-velar velar glottal
plosive p  b     t  d       k  ɡ  
nasal m     n   ɲ   ŋ  
fricative   f  v θ  ð s  z ʃ  ʒ     x  ɣ h
affricate         tʃ  dʒ        
approximant       ɾ   j w    
lateral approximant       ɬ  l   ʎ      

Vowels

  Front Near- front Central Near- back Back
Close
File:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i · y
ɨ
u
ɪ  
 
 
e · ø
 
o
ə
ɛ · œ
 
ɔ
æ
 
 
a
ɑ
  Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.
Speakers who prefer a later pronunciation merge the rounded vowels with the unrounded one.

Key

Phonemes in Talossan words are pronounced roughly as follows.

Note: The IPA stress mark (ˈ) comes before the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States.

Consonants
IPA Examples
b buy, cab
d dye, cad, do
ð thy, breathe, father
dʒ giant, badge, jam
f phi, caff, fan
ɡ (ɡ) guy, bag
h high, ahead
j yes, yacht
k sky, crack
l lie, sly, gal
m my, smile, cam
n nigh, snide, can
ŋ sang, sink, singer
θ thigh, math
p pie, spy, cap
r rye, try, very
s sigh, mass
ʃ shy, cash, emotion
t tie, sty, cat, atom
tʃ China, catch
v vie, have
w wye, swine
hw why
z zoo, has
ʒ equation, pleasure, vision, beige
Marginal consonants
x ugh, loch, Chanukah
ʔ uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/
Vowels
IPA Full vowels ... followed by R
ɑː palm, father, bra ɑr start, bard, barn, snarl, star (also /ɑːr./)
ɒ lot, pod, John ɒr moral, forage
æ trap, pad, shall, ban ær barrow, marry
aɪ price, ride, file, fine, pie aɪər Ireland, hire (/aɪr./)
aɪ.ər higher
aʊ mouth, loud, foul, down, how aʊər flour (/aʊr./)
aʊ.ər flower
ɛ dress, bed, fell, men ɛr error, merry
eɪ face, made, fail, vein, pay ɛər square, mare, scarce, cairn, Mary (/eɪr./)
eɪ.ər mayor
ɪ kit, lid, fill, bin ɪr mirror, Sirius
iː fleece, seed, feel, mean, sea ɪər near, beard, fierce, serious (/iːr./)
iː.ər freer
ɔː thought, Maud, dawn, fall, straw ɔr north, born, war, Laura (/ɔːr./)
ɔː.ər sawer
ɔɪ choice, void, foil, coin, boy ɔɪər loir (/ɔɪr./)
ɔɪ.ər lawyer
oʊ goat, code, foal, bone, go ɔər force, more, boar, oral (/oʊr./)
oʊ.ər mower
ʊ foot, good, full, woman ʊr courier
uː goose, food, fool, soon, chew, do ʊər boor, moor, tourist (/uːr./)
uː.ər truer
juː cued, cute, mule, tune, queue, you jʊər cure
uː.ər sewer
ʌ strut, mud, dull, gun ʌr borough, hurry
ɜr nurse, word, girl, fern, furry
Reduced vowels
ə Rosa’s, a mission, comma ər letter, perceive
ɨ roses, emission (either ɪ or ə) ən button
ɵ omission (either oʊ or ə) əm rhythm
ʉ beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ]) (either ʊ or ə) əl bottle
i happy, serious (either ɪ or iː) ᵊ, ⁱ (vowel is frequently dropped: nasturtium)
 
Stress Syllabification
IPA Examples IPA Examples
ˈ intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/, . moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/, Windhoek /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/
Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/
Mikey /ˈmaɪki/, Myki /ˈmaɪ.kiː/
ˌ

References

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